| The survival and reproduction of any creature will never leave the surrounding environment,Genetic diversity is the result of adaptation to the environment in a certain habitat.Cervus elaphus yarkandensis is wild animals of national priority protection listed in CategoryⅡ.With the increasing of human interference to the nature system,the Tarim red deer suitable habitat environments continuously lose and fragmentation,It was posed a serious threat to the survival of the Tarim red deer in endangered state.therefore,In this experiment,the mitochondrial DNA cytb gene as a molecular marker,Firstly,evaluated the genetic diversity of wild red deer Secondly,In order to determine the main environmental impact factors of genetic diversity in Tarim red deer,Using SPSS19.0 and ecological software canoco4.5,was conducted a detailed comparative study on living in the different habitats,Xinjiang red deer,wich Tianshan subspecies and Tarim subspecies.further investigated The relationship between genetic diversity and environmental factors,to determine the main environmental impact factors of genetic diversity,meanwhile it has significances to management and protection of Cervus elaphus yarkandensis.The results in this study showed that,the cytochrome b gene of 30 sequence nucleotide cytb gene sequence of 30 mitochondrial cytochrome DNA was successfully amplified and was content: T 29.3%,C 27.3%,G 13.4%,A 30.1%.A+T(59.4%)was higher than that of C+G(40.6%)showed a nucleotide bias.Three geographic populations of haplotype and nucleotide diversity respectively that shayar population(h=0.911,π=0.01645),Qarqan population,(h=0.363,π=0.00501),lopnur population(h=0.664,π=0.00852),the genetic diversity is highest in shayar population,the lowest in Qarqan population.In the analysis of gene flow between three populations,the Nm value for between Qarqan and Lopnur populations was 0.72458,Lopnur and Shayar populations was 5.562231,Qarqan and Shayar populations was0.91015.Tarim red deer Genetic diversity in unbalanced state.SPSS19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between 10 environmental factors and genetic diversity parameters of Tarim and Tianshan subspecies,The results show that,based on the mtDNA cytb genetic diversity significantly correlated with mean annual temperature(r=-0.619,p=0.02,P < 0.05),altitude(r=0.783,p=0.04,P < 0.05),annual precipitation(r=0.511,p=0.0441,P <0.05),average annual population(r=-0.977,p=0.00,P < 0.05);based on the nDNA diversity significantly correlated with altitude(r=0.729,p=0.043,p < 0.05,annualprecipitation(r=0.568,p<0.05,average annual population(r=-0.943,P=0.00,P<0.01).The results two molecular markers are basically same.Regression equation of environmental factors and nucleotide diversity was y=2.189+1.165X1+1.432X2-0.085X3-0.042 X4(Y : genetic diversity of red deer,X1 : altitude,X2 : mean annual precipitation,X3:annual average temperature,X4:annual average population)and standardized regression coefficients were 3.586,2.245,-1.563,-0.983,respectively,wich was determinated by multiple regression analysis.RDA software was used to analyze the genetic diversity parameters and 10 environmental factors for two subspecies of red deer in Xinjiang by Canoco4.5.The results showed that the environmental factors same as mtDNA and nDNA,wich affecting the genetic diversity of Xinjiang red deer.Monte Carlo test showed that,all of the effects of environmental factors in different degree of red deer genetic diversity,the genetic diversity significantly correlation with altitude(r=0.872,F=7.84,P=0.02),mean annual precipitation(r=0.7434,F=7.21,P=0.03),annual average temperature(r=-0.6375,F=6.38,P=0.035),annual average population(r=-0.586,F=5.22 P=0.04)respectively.The results of Monte Carlo test are consistent with Spss19.0.Which altitude is the key environmental factors.Further use the Canoco4.5 for correlation analysis to determine the main environmental factors of the genetc diversity of Tarim red deer,RDA with forward selection r showed that,based on mtDNA and nDNA gene,significant(p<0.05)relationships were observed between genetic diversity with annual average temperature(r=0.852,F=7.45,P=0.038)annual average population(r=-0.816,F=7.37,P=0.046)and altitude(r=0.612,F=6.24,P=0.05).annual average population and annual average temperature the key environmental factors.RDA analysis of the relationship between the genetic diversity and environmental factors for Tianshan red deer,the results indicate that based on mtDNA and nDNA gene,significant(p<0.05)relationships were observed between genetic diversity with mean annual precipitation(r=0.883,F=7.36,P=0.031,altitude(r=0.789,F=7.44,P=0.045),annual average population(r=-0.780,F=7.82,P=0.048)and annual average temperature(r=-5.17,F=5.8,P=0.047)mean annual precipitation and altitude the key environmental factors.In general,based on software Spss19.0 and Canoco4.5,the correlation between the genetic diversity and environmental factors of two subspecies was proved that environmental factors affecting the genetic diversity of two subspecies of red deer are basically same.However,the environmental factors that affect the genetic diversity ofred deer populations in different habitats are different,Among them,the most important factors affecting the genetic diversity of the Tarim red deer are annual average temperature,annual average population,mean annual precipitation... |
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