Comparison On The Extraction And Determination Methods Of Active Substances From Quinoa

Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa willd)is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the genus chenopodium,is one of the main crops in the Andes.Quinoa has a high nutritional value,not only rich in protein and calcium,iron,zinc and vitamin E,but also contains all the essential amino acids which human body needs,was listed as one of the world's ten major nutrition food.In recent years,China has imported quinoa from abroad,active substances in quinoa has gradually attracted people's attention,the extraction of quinoa active substances has become an important research topic.In this study,the extraction and determination methods of three active substances,such as saponins,alkaloids and flavonoids from quinoa were compared.1.Through the comparison of different extraction conditions of spaonin from quinoa seeds and bran,select the best methods and optimal process.Investigated the effects of extraction temperature,extraction time,extraction concentration and ratio of material to liquid on the content of saponin in three different methods of ultrasonic extraction method,methanol reflux method and ethanol reflux method.The best extraction process for ultrasonic extraction method from quinoa seed was to extract 1.0h with the ratio of material to liquid for 1:15(g:m L)in 60 ?water bath and 90% ethanol concentration,the content of spaonin was 5.060mg/g.The best extraction process for ultrasonic extraction method from quinoa bran was to extract 1.5h with the ratio of material to liquid for 1:15(g:m L)in 70 ? water bath and 90% ethanol concentration,the content of spaonin was 6.071mg/g.2.Al Cl3 colorimetry method and Al(NO3)3 colorimetry method of total flavonoids from quinoa were studied by response surface methodology,in order to obtain the best extraction method.Based on single factor experi ments,take ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time as main variables.with the total flavonoids yield,the content determination was optimized by response surface analysis method.The results showed that the the best extraction process for Al Cl3 colorimetry method was to extract 1.1h in 62.45? water bath and71.97% ethanol concentration,the yield of flavonoids was 5.322% while error was 7.68%.The best extraction process for Al(NO3)3 colorimetry method was to extract 1.24 h in 61.13? waterbath and 84.43% ethanol concentration,the yield of flavonoids was 8.799% while error was1.24%.3.The study in the comparison of ethanol reflux method,ultrasonic extraction method and their extraction conditions was reported in this paper,and the best extraction conditions of alkaloid from quinoa seeds were achieved.On the basis of single factor experiments,the effect of ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time on the alkaloid extraction ratio from quinoa seeds was investigated.The results showed that,with the method of ethanol reflux method,the best extraction condition of alkaloid from quinoa seeds was under the ethanol concentration of 80%,solid-liquid ratio of 1:8,extraction time of 60 min.Under the best extraction conditions,the quinoa seed alkaloid extraction ratio was 2.17 mg/g.With the method of ultrasonic extraction from quinoa seeds,the best extraction condition was under the ethanol concentration of 80%,solid-liquid ratio of 1:6,and extraction time of 80 min.Under the best extraction conditions,the quinoa seeds alkaloid extraction ratio was 2.03mg/g.So,each one of the two alkaloid extraction methods from quinoa seeds has its own advantages and disadvantages,from the aspect of economize raw meterial,the ultrasonic extraction method is better;from the aspect of alkaloid extraction ratio and extraction time,the ethanol reflux method is preferable.In summary,the conclusions shows that ultrasonic extraction method is the best one in saponin extraction from quinoa seeds and bran.The study provided a scientific theory support and technical reference for the saponin extraction from quinoa.We could see compared with Al Cl3 colorimetry method,Al(NO3)3 colorimetry method was efficient and stable for the determination of flavone in quinoa.As the method of ethanol reflux is more convenient and has higher extraction ratio,it is more preferable in the extraction of the alkaloid from quinoa seeds in industry production.