Study On The Nutritional Level Monitoring Of Grazing Leizhou Goat And The Effect Of Different Concentrate To Roughage Abundance On Feeding In Leizhou Goat

The experiment was conducted to monitor the nutrient level of grazing Leizhou goats and discuss the effect of different ratio of concentrate to roughage diets on Leizhou goat feeding,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the scientific feeding and management of Leizhou goat.The experiment is divided into the following 4 parts:1.Investigation and analysis of natural grassland in Leizhou goat grazing area.In order to understand the composition and biomass and nutrient contents of natural grassland in Leizhou goat grazing area,the four slopes of Leizhou goat grazing area of Guangdong Ocean University pasture base were sampled,and nine sampling points（30 cm × 30 cm）,the sampling method is for each sample within the grass for all mowing.The results showed that the main species of grazing land were dicotyledonous（Pharbitis nil,Bidens pilosa）and monocotyledonous plants（Isachne globose,Digitaria chrysoblephara,Imperata cylindrical,Cynodon dactylon,Eleusine indica）.The total yield of fresh grass was 2.164 kg/ m²（1442.67 kg / mu）,Isachne globose accounted for the highest proportion,51.32%,the total yield of hay was 0.701 kg / m²（467.34 kg / mu）,Isachne globose the highest proportion,accounting for 59.47% of the total.The crude protein content of dicotyledonous plants were higher than monocotyledonous plants（P < 0.05）,dicotyledonous plants in Compositae（L.）（Bidens pilosa）the highest crude protein content was 15.62%,significantly higher than that of other types of forage（P < 0.05）.The crude fiber content of Meliaceae（Melia）was the highest at 36.89%,which was significantly higher than that of other dicotyledonous plants（P < 0.05）.The content of crude fiber in other dicotyledonous plants was lower than that of monocotyledonous plants.The dry matter content of Digitaria chrysoblephara and Eucalyptus（narrow leaf and broad leaf）was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other forage（P <0.05）.The crude ash content of Bidens pilosa was the highest of 8.95%.Melia calcium content was the highest,at 1.15%（P < 0.05）.The phosphorus content of morning glory was the highest,at 0.26%（P < 0.05）.2.This experiment was conducted to study the determination of daily feed intake,apparent digestibility of nutrients and daily weight gain of grazing Leizhou goats.In order to determine the average daily feed intake,nutrient digestibility and daily weight gain of Leizhou goats,a total of 48,14-22 kg healthy grazing Leizhou female goats were randomlyallocated into 8 groups（A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H group,weight were 4.52±0.38、15.59±0.22、16.49±0.21、17.72±0.13、18.33±0.29、19.46±0.39、20.18±0.22、21.54±0.28 kg）with 6female goats in each group to determine the average daily feed intake,nutrient digestibility.According to gender,weight,a total of 50,the weight of 11-20 kg male and female grazing Leizhou goats were divided into 12 groups to determine daily weight gain.（among them,I-VI groups for the male goats,initial body weight was 11.64±0.32 、 12.34±0.37 、13.78±0.10、14.79±0.48、17.67±0.59、19.34±1.55 kg,Group VII to XII female goats,initial body weight was 11.70±0.24 、 12.35±0.52 、 15.54±0.22 、17.02±0.22 、 18.29±0.57 、19.53±0.09 kg）Weighing on an empty stomach for three consecutive days,take the average value as the initial weight,mark after weighing,with a large group of herding,after the test for 3 consecutive days weighing on an empty stomach,take the average value as the final body weight.Results showed that the average daily feed intake of 460.63 g,of the experimental group A was the smallest.Group H with the average daily feed intake623.68 g was the highest.The apparent digestibility of crude protein of group B was significantly higher than those of group C and group D.（P<0.05）The apparent digestibility of crude fat of group A was significantly higher than those of group C,（P<0.05）and the apparent digestibility of dry matter of group B was significantly higher than those of group C.（P<0.05）There was significant positive correlation between apparent digestibility of dry matter and apparent digestibility of crude protein,（P<0.05）extremely significant positive correlation between apparent digestibility of crude protein and apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber（P< 0.01）,significant positive correlation between apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and apparent digestibility of dry matter.（P<0.05）In terms of daily weight gain of Leizhou female goats,the average daily weight gain of group I and group II were the smallest,the average daily weight gain of 79.48 g/d,of group VI was the highest.In terms of daily weight gain of Leizhou male goats,group VII with average daily weight gain 31.16 g/d was the smallest,group X with average daily weight gain 72.33 g/d was the highest.There was significant difference in average daily weight gain between the two groups（P < 0.05）.3.The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrate/roughage ratio diet on rumen fermentation in Leizhou goats,the test using the Pennisetum hydridum and cooperate to concentrate in dry matter,100:0,90:10,80: 20,70 :30 and 60 :40 proportion total mixed ration（TMR）,（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ treatments,respectively）,each group with 5 replicates in each time,In vitro fermentation of 4,8,12,24 and 48 h measured the gas production rate and ended to the fermentation to measured its pH,ammonia nitrogen and the degradation rate of dry matter,respectively.Results showedthat : In terms of producing gas,with the increase of concentrate ratio,fermented in 4,8,24 and 48 h showed a trend of significant growth（P < 0.01）;in terms of pH,the rumen pH declines with the increase of fermentation time and adding ratio of concentrate,degradation rate of dry matter,with the increase of concentrate level,dry matter degradation rate is on the rise,in the same time point,the degradation rate of Ⅳ,Ⅴ group were significantly higher than that of Ⅰ,Ⅱ group（P < 0.01）;in the terms of ammonia nitrogen,48 h of ammonia nitrogen concentration were higher than 4h,8h and 24 h,and there was no significant difference between each group（P > 0.05）.In each fermentation time,pH was significant or extremely significant positive correlation with diet of dry matter,crude ash,crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber and acid washing fibers（P < 0.05;P <0.01）,and was significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation with crude protein（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）;The accumulative gas production and degradation rate of dry matter were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with crude protein content in TMR（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）.Synthesize the test results,the Pennisetum hydridum and cooperatede to concentrate in 70:30 combinations have better effect on fermentation.4.The effect of different proportion of fine fodder and roughage diet on barn feeding leizhou goats production performance,blood biochemical indices and the rumen microflora.24 healthy 、 similar weight（10.94+/-0.67kg）leizhou goats were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates.The control group D0 which was supplemented with Pennisetum hydridum.D₁₀ 、 D₂₀ 、D₃₀ groups,supplementation of Pennisetum hydridum（dry matter basis）for 10:90、20:80、30:70 mixed fodder respectively.（The in vitro fermentation test showed that the 30:70 of fine fodder and Pennisetum hydridum is the best fermentation’s combination.）The result showed that the average daily gain of the treatment groups were significantly higher than control group（P < 0.05）,the D₁₀,D₂₀ and D₃₀ average daily gain were 33.28 g and 82.58 g and 81.80 g/d respectively,111.97%,425.99%,421.02% higher than that of the D0 group.The total number of white blood cells of treanment groups are less than the control group（P > 0.05）;Treatment groups’ total number of red blood cells,hemoglobin,red blood cell pressure were higher than the control group.The D20 group total number of red blood cells,hemoglobin,red blood cells deposited were significantly higher than that of control group（P < 0.05）.Different proportion of fine fodder and roughagethan had no significant effect on barn feeding leizhou goats’ rumen bacteria diversity.On the level of phylum,rumen bacterias mainly are Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes.On the level of class,rumen bacterias mainly have Bacteroidia、Clostridia.On the level of Order,rumen bacterias mainly are Bacteroidia 、 Clostridiales.On the level of Family,rumen bacterias mainly arePrevotellaceae、Rikenellaceae、Ruminococcaceae、BacteroidalesBS11gutgroup.On the level of Genus,rumen bacterias mainly are Prevotella1、RikenellaceaeRC9gutgroup.In a conclusion,the 20:80 proportion of fine fodder and roughage can reduce the total number of white blood cells,。 Leizhou goats’ daily gain,total number of red blood cells,hemoglobin and red blood cells deposited were significantly improve.Under this experimental condition,barn feeding leizhou goats suitable proportion of fine fodder and roughage was 20:80.