Study On Functional Diversity Of Species In Different Plant Communities Of Chongqing City

In the present paper,the woody plant of different communities in Chongqing city were taken as the research object,investigated from May 2016 to July 2016 in the field.The functional diversity was calculated for 7 kinds of primary plants traits(growth strategy,growth pattern,reproductive traits,morphological characteristics,ecological habits,stress resistance,phenological character etc.),17 kinds of secondary plants traits(vegetative form,life cycle variation model,the blade hardness,flowering and fruiting,etc.)or 83 kinds of the third level plants traits.we use the method of quantitative ecology(functional richness index FD,functional evenness index FEve and functional quadratic entropy index Rao),comparing and analyzing species diversity and functional diversity in different communities,to explore the relationship between functional diversity and species diversity,as well as the relationship between functional diversity,species diversity and microclimate improvement.The main results are as follows:(1)There are about 489 species of woody plants belonging to 297 genera and 115 families in the study of 305 quadrats.The woody plants in natural communities cover 91 families,173 genera and 294 species and the dominant species in natural community are Pinus massoniana,Machilus pingii,Schima argentea and Lindera glauca,the woody plants in semi-natural communities cover 80 families 125 genera and 203 species,the dominant species in semi-natural communities are Machilus pingii,Quercus fabri,Symplocos setchuensis,Neosinocalamus affinis,Hibiscus mutabilis etc.The woody plants in the artificial communities cover 69 families,91 genera and 133 species,the dominant species in semi-natural communities are Ficus virens,Magnolia soulangeana,Ficus concinna,Lagerstroemia indica,Bischofia polycarpa etc.(2)The analysis of species diversity in different communities:(1)Simpsonspecies diversity index and Shannon-wiener species diversity index species decrease with the increasing of human disturbance intensity in different plots.There a higher species diversity index of shrub layer in semi-natural communities and artificial communities;(2)There is highest index of Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index in mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest as well as the communities in Green Space respectively.Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index were the largest in the campus green space;(3)there are the largest Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index in the campus green space respectively.(3)The analysis of varieties on functional diversity in different communities:(1)the functional richness index FD decrease with the increasing intensity of human's disturbance to the sample sites.There are significant differences between the functional richness index FD in natural communities and semi-natural communities and artificial communities.And there is a highest index of Rao's quadratic entropy index in natural communities;(2)The FD index of coniferous broad-leaved forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest.On the contrary,the FD index of bamboo forest is the smallest;(3)The FD index in the campus green space is the largest,and the largest FEve index and largest Rao index is in the park.(4)There is a positive correlation between species diversity index and functional diversity index in different communities.It shows a very significant positive correlation power function relationship between FD index and Simpson index.There is a significantly positive linear correlation between the FEve index and Simpson index.It is the same regulation between that FD index and Shannon-Wiener index showed a significant linear positive correlation well;(1)The linear fitting effect of FD index and Simpson index in evergreen broad-leaved forest and street green space is the best;(2)The linear fitting effect between FEve index and Simpson index was best in semi-natural community,evergreen broad-leaved forests and communities in street green space;(3)The correlation between Rao index and Simpson index is better in semi-natural community,sparse forests and campus green space;(4)The linear fitting between Rao index and Shannon-Wiener index is better in semi-natural community,bamboo forests and square green space.(5)The functional diversity has a better explanation on the changing of microclimate in the community.In the study of the relationship between species diversity,functional diversity and the improvement of microclimate in communities is more significant.It showed extremely significant correlation between the functional diversity indexes and the effect of plant community on temperature lowering and humidity increasing.There is a significant correlation between functional diversity and the improvement of microclimate in communities in semi natural plant communities under different disturbance levels.There is a significant correlation between functional diversity and the improvement of microclimate in communities between coniferous forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,bamboo forest under different vegetation types.And there is a significant correlation between functional diversity and the improvement of microclimate in communities between campus green space and square green space under different green land types.