Preliminary Study On Leaf Mineral Nutrition And Fruit Quality For Three Citrus Varieties

Citrus fruit quality is an important index to determine its value and production efficiency.The nutritional status of citrus has important influence on the growth of citrus fruit and fruit quality.In order to study the relationship between fruit quality and nutrient content of citrus fruit,the experiment collected the vegetative spring shoot leaves and brearin shoot leaves from 46 orchards of Miyamoto Wase in Chenggu County of Shaanxi Province,44 orchards of Bingtangcheng in Yuxi City of Yunnan Province and 41 orchards of Newhall navel orange test areas in Beibei District of Chongqing were used as materials in September and October.The nutrient contents of N,P,K,Mg and Fe were determined and analyzed.The fruit samples were collected from the same trees at the fruit ripening stage to analyze TSS,TA and the other 10 fruit quality indexes to study the relationship between fruit quality and nutrient nutrition level.The main results were as follows.1.The distribution of the quality index among these three citrus fruits 1.1 Miyamoto Wase The basic of indexes of Miyamoto Wase are as follows: weight?39.05¹88.4g?;fruit pericarp thickness?1.67⁴.11mm?;TSS?8.15%¹3.45%?;TA?0.68%¹.87%?;Vc?22.93⁴5.86mg/100 ml juice?.The high quality fruits?TSS?10.5%?share common grounds invertical diameter?<60mm?,transverse diameter??60mm?,fruit weight?<80g?and ratio of soluble solid content?8¹2?.The low quality fruits?TSS?9.5%?share common fruit weight?<80g?and ratio of soluble solid content?8¹2?.1.2 Bingtangcheng: The basic of indexes of Bingtangcheng are as follows: weight?107.5¹98.28g?;fruit pericarp thickness?3.09⁵.8mm?;TSS?9.85%¹4.6%?;TA?0.34⁰.89ml?;Vc?33.50⁵8.10mg/100 ml juice?.Results also indicated that high quality fruits?12%?TSS?share common grounds invertical diameter?60⁶5mm?,transverse diameter?<65mm?,fruit weight?<140g?and ratio of soluble solid content ?20³0?.The low quality fruits?TSS?11.0%?share common fruit weight?<140g?and ratio of soluble solid content?20-30?.1.3 Newhall Navel Orange: The basic of indexes of Newhall Navel Orange are as follows: weight?186.57³15.67g?;fruit pericarp thickness?3.72⁵.92mm?;TSS?10.25¹3.35%?;TA?0.48⁰.9ml?;Vc?41.9⁶6.8mg/100 ml juice?.Results also indicated that high quality fruits?12%?TSS?share common grounds invertical diameter?75⁸0mm?,transverse diameter?<75mm?,fruit weight?220²50g?and ratio of soluble solid content?18²0?.The low quality fruits?TSS?11.0%?share common fruit weight?<250g?and ratio of soluble solid content?<18?.2.The tree nutrition levels of three cultivars of citrus2.1 Miyamoto Wase: The nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Miyamoto Wase were followed: The N content was 2.02%-3.10%,average was 2.57% and deficient samples rate were 40.91%;The P content was 0.11%-0.20%,average was 0.16% and deficient samples rate were 4.55%;The K content was 0.17%-0.88%,average was 0.51% and deficient samples rate were 100%;The Ca content was 3.64%-6.96%,average was 5.17% and all of the samples were suitable;The Mg content was 0.29%-0.54%,average was 0.41% and deficient samples rate were 9.09%;The S content was 0.21%-0.31%,average was 0.25% and all of the samples were suitable.The Fe average was 56.53mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate was 77.27%;The Mn average was 89.68 mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate was 9.09%;The Zn average was 12.73 mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate were 100%;The Cu average was 10.75mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate were 9.09%;The B average was 38.17 mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate were 45.46%.In general: the content of Ca and S were high;P,Mg and Cu were suitable;Fe and B were low;N and K were deficient and Zn was deficient seriously.Campared with vegetative spring shoot leaves,nutrient elements in fruit bearing shoot leaves were changed.The content of N,P,K,S,Zn,Cu and B decreased 3.89%,6.25%,9.80%,4.00%,0.79%,5.12% and 1.60% respectively.The content of Ca,Mg,Fe and Mn increased 6.77%,4.88%,11.92% and 20.57%.2.2 Bingtangcheng: The nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Bingtangcheng were followed: The N content was 2.56%-3.53%,average was 3.16% and all of the samples were high;The P content was 0.10%-0.26%,average was 0.14%,26.47% samples were deficient and 44.11% samples were high;The K content was 0.68%-2.41%,average was 1.49% and deficient samples rate were 58.83%;The Ca content was 3.47%-6.45%,average was 4.80%,deficient samples rate were 17.64% and 20.59% samples were excess;The Mg content was 0.15%-0.48%,average was 0.29% and low samples rate were 14.71%;The S content was 0.18%-0.41%,average was 0.27%,deficient samples rate were 58.82%,low samples rate were 26.47% and only 14.71% samples were suitable.The Fe average was 171.84 mg·Kg^-1 and 91.17% samples were excess;The Mn average was 112.78 mg·Kg^-1 and 76.47% samples were excess;The Zn average was 18.48 mg·Kg^-1,deficient samples rate were 20.59% and 47.06% samples were excess;The Cu average was 12.11 mg·Kg^-1 and deficient samples rate were 26.47%;The B average was 86.89 mg·Kg^-1 and suitable and high samples rate were 58.82% and 41.18% respectively.In general: the content of N,Fe,Mn and B were high;P,Ca,Mg,Zn and Cu were suitable;K and S were deficient.Campared with vegetative spring shoot leaves,nutrient elements in fruit bearing shoot leaves were changed.The content of N,K,Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu decreased 2.53%,18.79%,13.13,2.24%,44.43%,17.41%,36.45% respectively.The content of P and Mg unchanged.The content of S and B increased 16.98% and 3.30%.2.3 Newhall Navel Orange: The nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Newhall Navel Orange were followed: The N content was 2.53%-4.37%,average was 3.09%,54.76% samples were excess,14.29% samples were high and 30.95% samples were suitable;The P content was 0.12%-0.18%,average was 0.14%,90.48% samples were suitable and 9.52% samples were high;The K content was 1.25%-2.31%,average was 1.93% and 97.62% samples were excess;The Ca content was 2.71%-4.72%,average was 3.54%,90.48% samples were suitable and 9.52% samples were low;The Mg content was 0.07%-0.19%,average was 0.13% and 100% samples were deficient;The S content was 0.23%-0.40%,average was 0.33% and 100% samples were suitable;The Fe average was 146.38mg·Kg^-1 and 90.48% samples were excess;The Mn average was 42.97mg·Kg^-1 and 38.09% samples were deficient;The Zn average was 13.68 mg·Kg^-1 and 100% samples were deficient;The Cu average was 3.97mg·Kg^-1,deficient samples rate were 90.48% and only 9.52% samples were suitable;The B average was 127.14mg·Kg^-1,suitable and high samples rate were 9.52% and 90.48% respectively.In general: the content of N,K,Fe and B were high;P,Ca and S were suitable;Mg,Zn Cu and Mn were deficient.Campared with vegetative spring shoot leaves,nutrient elements in fruit bearing shoot leaves were changed.The content of N,P,K,Mn,Cu and B decreased 6.80%,7.14%,1.04%,17.34%,3.78% and 6.34% respectively.The content of Mg unchanged.The content of Ca,S,Fe and Zn increased 3.39%,3.03%,4.60% and 2.92% respectively.2.4 Correlation of nutrient element contents between vegetative spring shoot leaves and brearin shoot leavesIn most cases,the contents of N,P,K,Mn,Zn and Cu in the fruit bearing shoot leaves of the three cultivars were slightly lower than those of the vegetative leaves,while Ca and S were slightly higher than those of the vegetative leaves.The results showed that there was a high correlation in the same nutrient content between the leaves of the vegetative spring shoot and fruit bearing shoot.So nutrient elements in fruit bearing shoot leaves could also be used for the nutritional evaluation of the trees.3.Correlation between citrus fruit quality and tree nutrition level3.1 Miyamoto WaseThe content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of P,K,Ca,S,Zn,Cu and Fe and negatively correlated with the contents of N,Mg,B and Mn in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of P,K,S,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and B and negatively correlated with the contents of N,Ca and Mg in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of N,Mg,B,Mn and negatively correlated with the contents of P,K,Ca,S,Zn,Cu,Fe in the brearin shoot leaves leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of N,P,Ca,S,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,B and negatively correlated with the contents of K and Mg in the brearin shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.3.2 BingtangchengThe content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TSS in fruit was negatively correlated with the contents of S,Cu,B in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,and B reached the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was negatively correlated with the contents of P and positively correlated with the other elements,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of N,K,Ca,Zn,Mn,Fe and Mn reached the significant level in the brearin shoot leaves leaves.The content of TSS in fruit was negatively correlated with the contents of P,Mg,S,Cu,B in the brearin shoot leaves and Cu reached the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of K,Mn,Zn,Cu,B and negatively correlated with the contents of N,P,Ca,Mg,S,Fe in the brearin shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.3.3 Newhall Navel OrangeThe content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of K,Ca,S,Mn,Zn,B in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,and B reached the significant level.The content of TSS in fruit was negatively correlated with the contents of N,P,Mg,Cu,Fe in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was positively correlated with P,K,S,Fe,Zn,Cu,B in the vegetative spring shoot leaves and B reached the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was negatively correlated with the contents of N,Mg,Ca,Mn in the vegetative spring shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TSS in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of P,Ca,Mn,Zn and negatively correlated with the contents of N,K,Mg,S,Fe,Cu in the brearin shoot leaves leaves but they all did not reach the significant level.The content of TA in fruit was positively correlated with the contents of N,P,K,Mg,Ca,Fe and negatively correlated with the contents of S,Mn,Zn,Cu,B in the brearin shoot leaves,but they all did not reach the significant level.The contents of TSS in fruit were positively correlated with the contents of K,P,Ca and Zn and negatively correlated with the contents of N in the vegetative spring shoot leaves;The contents of TA in fruit were positively correlated with the contents of K,S,and Fe and negatively correlated with the contents of N,Ca and Mg in the vegetative spring shoot leaves.4.Tree nutrient level of high TSS fruits4.1Miyamoto WaseThe nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Miyamoto Wase?TSS?10.5%?were followed: The N content was 2.191%-2.947%;The P content was 0.111%-0.199%;The K content was 0.171%-0.884%;The Ca content was 3.636%-6.348%;The Mg content was0.295%-0.536%;The S content was 0.206%-0.274%;The Fe content was 37.895 mg·Kg^-1-100.33 mg·Kg^-1;The Mn content was 27.481 mg·Kg^-1-563.634 mg·Kg^-1;The Zn content was 10.722 mg·Kg^-1-13.635 mg·Kg^-1;The Cu content was 7.839 mg·Kg^-1-17.983 mg·Kg^-1;The B content was 17.945 mg·Kg^-1-51.845 mg·Kg^-1.4.2 BingtangchengThe nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Bingtangcheng?TSS?11%?were followed: The N content was 2.561%-3.529%;The P content was 0.105%-0.256%;The K content was 0.682%-2.409%;The Ca content was 3.558%-6.45%;The Mg content was 0.163%-0.463%;The S content was 0.182%-0.409%;The Fe content was 117.341 mg·Kg^-1-266.004 mg·Kg^-1;The Mn content was 21.259 mg·Kg^-1-308.144 mg·Kg^-1;The Zn content was 9.612 mg·Kg^-1-26.596;The Cu content was 3.528 mg·Kg^-1-21.775 mg·Kg^-1;The B content was 31.463 mg·Kg^-1-119.66 mg·Kg^-1.4.3 Newhall Navel OrangeThe nutrient element contents in vegetative spring shoot leaves of Newhall Navel Orange?TSS?11%?were followed: The N content was 2.533%-3.899%;The P content was 0.123%-0.169%;The K content was 1.616%-2.307%;The Ca content was 2.898%-4.089%;The Mg content was 0.068%-0.177%;The S content was 0.228%-0.39%;The Fe content was 108.923 mg·Kg^-1-208.585 mg·Kg^-1;The Mn content was 7.648 mg·Kg^-1-93.045 mg·Kg^-1;The Zn content was 11.427 mg·Kg^-1-19.377 mg·Kg^-1;The Cu content was 0.751 mg·Kg^-1-7.891 mg·Kg^-1;The B content was 102.649 mg·Kg^-1-178.138 mg·Kg^-1.