Toxicology Research Of Artificial Breeding Chinese Grass Turtle(Chinemys Reevesiis) By Consecutive Intramuscular Injection Enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin is a kind of commonly used antibacterial veterinary drugs,and also a commonly used drugs of reptiles bacterial disease treatment.In recent years,as one of the few not prohibited quinolones in the aquaculture drugs was widely attention.Of grace,the effect of toxicity for mammals and fish has a small amount of research,but the study of a turtle and other reptiles also do not have.In order to use the drugs more safely,the experiment on the systemic research on the acute and chronic toxicity.The acute toxicity tests involved 60 3-month-old Chinese turtle(Chinemys reevesiis)weighing 20±2.12 g which were randomly divided into 6 groups.The dose of enrofloxacin given to them was 649.9,484.1,360.5,268.5,200.0 mg/kg and0mg/kg respectively.After two weeks,the LD50 determined by the method of Bliss was 434.45 mg/kg,and all the Chinese Pond turtle had different degrees of convulsion and vomiting after injection.Furthermore,severe liver congestion and swelling of the gastrointestinal tract occurred.The histopathological examination of the dead turtle in the highest dose group(649.9 mg/kg)showed that the structure of hepatic cell cords were disordered,congestion was relatively severe,and massive eosinophil infiltration and edema of the gastrointestinal wall arose.The chronic toxicity tests were conducted in 16 Chinese pond turtle weighing110±12.58 g which were randomly divided into 4 groups.The dose of enrofloxacin was 0 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively for 30 days of continuous injection and then there were 30 days of drug withdrawal.Blood samples of 0.4 ml were taken for blood biochemical tests at 0,2,13,28,40,50,and 60 days,and dead turtle from the high dose group(50 mg/kg)were examined for toxicological diagnosis,The blood cell count tests were conducted in 24 Chinese pond turtle weighing 120±8.87 g which were randomly divided into 4 groups,and else same.In the first day of injection,all turtles except the control group,showed symptoms of vomiting,and the medium and high dose groups didn’t eat for long and floated upside down 15 days later after the injection.In terms of weight,the control group common weight gain in the process of experiment,and the injection well,the effect of each weight drops to some extent,especially in high dose group of weight loss.Bloodbiochemical results showed that there was a significant correlation between aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and total bilirubin(T-bil)and injection dose and time.With the increase of injection dose,serum AST increased significantly,and the serum AST showed a trend of first rise and then fall during 30 days of continuous injection and 30 days of withdrawal.The levels of serum AST in the control group increased and then decreased gradually after the first two days of injection.In the low(10 mg/kg),medium(30 mg/kg)and high dose group(50 mg/kg),the highest level occurred within 13 days and then a decline appeared;however,the levels of the middle and high dose group were always higher than that of the control and low dose group,and some turtle died.Total bilirubin(T-bil)after the injection of 30 consecutive days among the four groups did not differentiate significantly,but after stopping injection it increased rapidly in the medium and high dose group.Blood cells in the blood,the total number of red blood cells,basophils number and percentage of the lymphocyte and the percentage and there was no significant difference with the dose.But the total number of white blood cells from 40 days began to dose group was significantly higher than that of low and high groups;Number of neutrophil and leucocyte percentage from 28 days,high dose way was significantly lower than the other three groups;Eosinophils leucocyte percentage from 28 days began to the high dose group was significantly higher than the other three groups;Mononuclear cells number and percentage after 28 days began to medium and high dose group were significantly higher than that of low dose group and the control group,and 50 days began to low,medium and high dose group of mononuclear cells both quantity and proportion rise rapidly,and present the higher dose increase faster.The autopsy results showed that the middle and high dose groups had a decrease in the liver density and floated in the formalin liquid,and meanwhile yellow viscous liquid existed in the gastrointestinal tract of high-dose group.The toxicological analysis in tissues demonstrated that continuous injection of high-dose enrofloxacin could lead to severe hepatic lesions in the liver of Chinese pond turtle;the liver tissues showed varying degrees of vacuolar degeneration,hepatic lobules and hepatocellular cords not to be identified.It also showed disorders of lung,the wall of the gastrointestinal tract getting thin,edema,and a clearer renal tubular structure in the renal tissue injection group than the control group.Relatively severe edema and inflammation came out around the muscle injected.In conclusion,it indicates that there’s an obvious hepatotoxic effect of Enrofloxacin on the Chinese pond turtle,and no toxicity in the kidneys,and some toxicity in the lungs,gastrointestinal tissue and area of injection.