Exploitation And Application Of White Distillers' Grains In Qianbeima Goat

Distillers' grains is the by-product of wine production.Guizhou has a large-scale wine production,in which its Meijiu River is rich in distillers' grains production.Based on our previous research results,this study is aimed to effectively exploit the distillers' grains resources by evaluating the effects of distillers' grains on growth performance,rumen fermentation and plasma biochemical indices.Qianbei Ma goat is used as the experimental animals for its adaptation to the corresponding natural and ecological environment condition.Three parts were conducted in the study.Part 1 was conducted to investigate the effect of distillers' grains on rumen fermentation and plasma biochemical indices of Qianbeima goat.Six goats were assigned to 3×3 Latin square design according to their age and body weight: control,treatment 1,and treatment 2,respectively with 2 goats each.Goats in control were fed basal diet.Dietary concentrate for treatment 1 and treatment 2 were replaced with 20% and 40% distillers' grains,respectively.Indexes of ruminal fermentation and plasma biochemistry and activities of some enzyme were detected.The results were showed as follows.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)for ruminal pH and buffer capacity levels.The NH3-N concentration was found highest in treatment 1,which was significantly higher than treatment 2(P<0.05),however,they were listed in the normal range.Ruminal activitie of xylanase level for treatment 1 was higher than control(P<0.05),ruminal activities of microcrystalline cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose,and cellobiase were unaffected for 3 treatments(P>0.05).Treatment 1 resulted in highest level of acetic acid,which was significantly higher than treatment 2(P<0.05).Level of total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)for treatment 1 was also higher than control and treatment 2(P<0.05).Propionate,butyrate,and A/P were unaffected for 3 dietary treatments(P>0.05).Plasma metabolites,including glucose,urea nitrogen,total protein,albumin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and creatinine,were unaltered by distillers' grains treatments(P>0.05).The above results indicated that up to 40% replacement level of distillers' grains did not exert significant impact on rumen fermentation and plasma biochemicals,and 20% replacement level was recommended in the practice.This result could provide a useful evidence for distillers' grains exploitation used as feed resources.Part 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of total mixture ration pelleted with distillers' grains,originated from Meijiuhe River,on growth performance and plasma biochemical indices of Qianbei Ma Weaned lambs for improvement of distillers' grains efficiency.Twenty-four healthy Weaned lambs with similar body condition were randomly allocated to 2groups with 3 replicates per group and 4 lamb per replicate: control,treatment.Lambs in the control were fed the artificially mixed diet with concentrate and roughage.Lambs in the treatment were fed total mixture ration pelleted with distiller's grains at 30% level.The experiment last 70 days with 10-day prefeeding and 60-day trial durations.Dry matter intake(DMI),average net gain(ANG),average daily gain(ADG),ratio of feed to gain(F/G);apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,and ash;plasma levels of glucose(Glu),urea nitrogen(UN),total protein(TP),albumin(Alb),triglyceride(TG)and creatinine(Cr)were detected.Compared with control,lambs in the treatment had higher DMI,ANG,and ADG;and lower F/G(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM and CP for treatment was higher than control(P<0.05),but not for Ash(P>0.05).Plasma metabolites were unaffected between the two groups of lambs(P>0.05).These results indicated that total mixture ration pelleted with distillers' grains(30%)was able to increase growth performance,and had no significant effect on plasma biochemical indeces for Qianbei Ma lambs.Part 3 was conducted to evaluate the effect of total mixture ration pelleted including distillers' grains on growth performance,rumen fermentation and plasma biochemical indices of Qianbei Ma growing goats.Thirty-two healthy growing goats with similar body condition were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 4 replicates per group and 4 goats per replicate:control,treatment.Goats were fed 2 diets,the control was fed with whole plant corn,barley straw(chopped,3~5 cm)and concentrate mixture,made by artificial mixing mixed diet.the treatment was fed with total mixture ration pelleted including distillers' grains.The experiment last 70 days with 10-day prefeeding and 60-day trial durations.Indexes of growth performance,rumen fermentation and plasma biochemical indices were detected.The results were showed as follows.Compared with control,treatment significant impact DMI,ANG and ADG for Goats(P<0.05).Correspondingly F/G was also significantly different(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,EE and CP in treatment was significantly different from that incontrol(P<0.05);the apparent digestibility of Ash did not reach significant difference(P>0.05).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)for ruminal pH.The NH3-N concentration was found in treatment was significantly higher than control,however,they were listed in the normal range.Ruminal activitie of microcrystalline cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose,cellobiase and xylanase were unaffected(P>0.05).Acetic acid,Propionate and total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)for treatment was significantly higher than control(P<0.05).Butyrate and A/P were unaffected for 2 dietary treatments(P>0.05).Plasma metabolites,including UN,TP,Alb,TG and Cr were unaltered between the two groups of goats(P>0.05).Glu and TC was significantly different from that in control(P<0.05).These results indicated that total mixture ration pelleted with distillers' grains(30%)was able to increase growth performance,improve the rumen fermentation and had no harmful effect on plasma biochemical indeces for Qianbei Ma goats.In conclusion,less than 40% distillers' grains replacement with concentrate did not exert significant impact on rumen fermentation and plasma biochemicals.The 30% distillers' grains level in the pelleted total mixture ration was able to increase growth performance and apparent nutrients digestibility,and improve rumen fermentation,;and had no negative effect on plasma biochemical indeces for Qianbei Ma goats.These results are useful for the exploitation and application of distiller's grains for Qianbei Ma goats in the practice.