Introduction And Cytogenetics Research Of Winter Triticale In Harbin

Triticale is hybridization between wheat and rye chromosome engineering and breeding techniques applied synthetic the first one allopolyploid new species.It not only maintained good quality and high yield,but also combined rye disease resistance and stress tolerance,not only can be used as food,but also as forage,a new crop of grain,forage use either.The article through the introduction experiment and morphological,molecular marker,situ hybridization methods and other methods study the introduction of 3 parts of winter triticale type,and rye hybrids and it’s improved.It aims to provide a scientific basis and basic material for the cultivation of the winter triticale and can be spend the winter in Harbin.The results of Spring Introduction showed that,although materials all have characteristics of winter,but there is a difference.The "Zhongsi 232" has more heading seed plants "the new 3".and "Jian 3”have less seed heading plants.The maturity of"Jian 3" was the latest.Introduction experiment results of autumn sowing showed that"Zhongsi 232" and "Jian 3" survived to winter.Although there is only one plant regrowth in two materials at April and the height of plants were less than spring sowing plants,but they were fertility.Autumn sowing test could be continued.Introduction hybridization results showed that the introduction of winter triticale and winter rye flowering period large differences,which need sowing by stage before hybridization.Morphological and cytological identification results showed that the performance of F1 hybrid was intermediate type of parents.Chromosome number of F1 was 28 and seeds were small and not full.The seed setting rate was low.F2 plants showed the separation and low-fertility.The seeds were not full.The meiosis chromosome type of F1 hybrids was different from the theoretical value.The number of bivalent was increased than the theoretical.It was probably that Ph gene of wheat B chromosome was influenced by R group and resulted the homologous chromosomes of wheat were part of pairing,or spontaneous doubling.The results of molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization showed that introduction materials all had 14 chromosomes rye.Combining cytology testing results,we could confirm the "new 3" and "Jian 3" were octoploid triticale,"Zhongsi 232" was hexaploid triticale.F1 hybrids contained with R genome genetic component.The protein detection results showed that the grain protein content of three introduction lines were over 18%,and higher than the local triticale lines "Hashi 209",which had the potential applications of quality.The results of this study indicated that triticale "Zhongsi 232" was more adapted to climate than other materials in Harbin.It was easy to hybridize and domesticate.This study is only a preliminary exploration about the introduction work on winter triticale.The domestication,hybridization and breeding work on winter triticale will be carried out in depth.