| Sesame is an important high-quality oil-bearing crops,it plays an important role in the world oil trade.In recent years,as China's foreign trade volume increase and improvement of people's living standards,demand for sesame increased year by year,the current production capacity has grown increasingly difficult to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets,the development sesame production prospects.However,the promotion of the production of sesame varieties of the indeterminate growth type,plant type tall,long flowering,maturity and down capsule poor,difficult to manage and harvest mechanization has seriously affected the enthusiasm of farmers.In order to change the backwardness of sesame production,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research Center,sesame focus on suitable mechanized production of superior germplasm and breeding of new varieties job creation,access to new material characteristics of sesame by mutation breeding--DS899,mutagenesis using EMS mutagenesis from sesame 91-0 strain bred in the determinate growth mutants,the mutant plant high shorter,flowering centralized,consistent capsule maturity,suitable for mechanized harvesting and management.To further ascertain the determinate growth sesame mutant morphological characteristics and inheritance of plant DS899 shoot apical meristem,the subject to mutant DS899 as research materials,Daejeon plant morphological characteristics statistical analysis,its seedling stems to the SAM observation,to construct a genetic population,the aim of the growth determinate DS899 early practical application provide a theoretical basis in sesame breeding.The main results are as follows:1.Plant morphological of the determinate growth type DS899DS899 on adult morphology exhibit many characteristics:the average growth period of 87 days,29.9 days flowering,are early varieties,single-pole,three rectangular flower,white flower,the determinate growth,low plant type,when mature capsule microcracks,grain white,average height of 123.7cm,leg position 39.5cm,fruit axis 86.4cm,knot capsule section 13.9 bits,the number of capsule per plant 55.6,62.8 grains per capsule,thousand seed weight 3.448g,top of the stem with students of limited inflorescence axis,no yellow slightly sharp,the upper portion of the number of invalid bud formation was significantly reduced.2.Cytological observation of the determinate growth type DS899 shoot aprical meristemDS899 shoot apical meristem cells morphology are significant differences with Yuzhi11.Both the determinate growth type and the indeterminate growth type sesame all experienced vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage,after which the flower primordial differentiated.The development of flower primordia originate at the bottom of the end of the stem and grow up gradually in the vegetative stage.In the reproductive stage,the flower primordia become elongated dome-shaped top,and then begin to differentiate flower organs.In the period of one to three pairs of true leaves,there is no significant difference between the determinate growth type and the indeterminate growth type sesame on the development process of the stem apical meristem cells,during which the number of tissues and cells in the apical meristem of the stem was increased,and there is no obvious characteristic of the organization division.When the third pair of true leaves appears,the stem apical meristem cells of the determinate growth type become large and flat,the characteristic of the organization division become gradually obvious,and the flower primordial with clear shape and properties emerges.Then the early flowering period has come,which is earlier than the indeterminate growth type.From the beginning of flower bud differentiation to the appearance of the floral primordial,the indeterminate growth type has experienced a longer period of time than the determinate growth type,and number of leaf primordium differentiated in the stem end is larger than that of the latter correspondingly.3.Genetic Information of the determinate growth type DS899Yuzhi11 is reciprocal crossing and self-crossing in generations of continuous,the tests showed,reciprocal hybrids F1 populations of DS899 and Yuzhi11 are normal indeterminate growth types;F2 populations from self-crossing of F1 plants the result of traits investigation showed,determinate growth type:indeterminate growth type is 1:3;homozygous DS899 and heterozygous F1 plant are measured traits investigation,determinate growth type:indeterminate growth type is 1:1.Genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was controlled by one pair of recessive genes.The determinate growth type DS8999 mutant is a single recessive nuclear gene mutations caused. |
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