Effects Of Water And Nitrogen Management On Growth And Yield Of Winter Wheat Under Supplemental Irrigation

In order to determine the law of water and fertilizer demand of winter wheat were measured in effects of water and nitrogen on growth and yield of winter wheat under supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture.The experiment was conducted at the experimental base of Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Henan from 2015-2016.Taking winter wheat cultiver Zhoumai 27 as test material.The main concludions are as follows:1 Effects of water and nitrogen on growth of winter wheat under supplemental irrigation basedon soil moistureIncreasing nitrogen amounts could improve the winter wheat plant height,but there were no significant difference between the treatments of N2(225 kg/hm2)and N3(300 kg/hm2).Under the same levels of wate,increasing nitrogen amounts the leaf area index increased first and then decreased.Under the same levels of nitrogen,increasing soil moisture amounts could improve the the leaf area index amount.Increasing nitrogen amounts,the seeding stage,jointing stage and anthesis stage dry matter increased first and then decreased,the filling stage and mature stage dry matter amount increased.Increasing nitrogen amounts,the contribution rate of dry matter transport,the rate of dry matter transfer of nutrient organs and the amount of dry matter translocation in nutrient organs decreased first and then increased.Increasing nitrogen amounts,the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation and dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain increased first and then decreased.Increasing soil moisture amounts the contribution rate of dry matter transport,the rate of dry matter transfer of nutrient organs,the amount of dry matter translocation in nutrient organsand the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation increased first and then decreased.Under the same levels of water,with increases in nitrogen application,the filling rate decreased first and then increased in 6 days after anthesis,the filling rate increased in 12 and 18 days after anthesis,the filling rate increasedfirst and then decreased in 24 and 30 days after anthesis.Under the same levels of nitrogen,withincreases in soil moisture,the filling rate increasedfirst and then decreased in 6 and24 days after anthesis,the filling rate decreased in 12 days after anthesis,the filling rate decreased first and then increased in 18 and 30 days after anthesis.2 Effects of water and nitrogen on physiology of winter wheat under supplemental irrigation basedon soil moistureUnder the same levels of water,the wheat photosynthetic netrate(Pn)generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate at first and then kept steady,while the chlorophyll content(SPAD value),transpiration rate(Tr),conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2 mole fraction(Ci)total output was increased at first and then decreasing with the increasing application rate of nitrogen.Under the same levels of nitrogen,10 days after the flowering stage,the SPAD population gradually increased with the increasing of soil moisture,while Ci decreased gradually;Pn,Tr and Gs generally decreased at first and then increased.18 days after the flowering stage,SPAD,Pn,Ci,Tr and Gs increased with the increase of soil water content in general,but there were no significant difference between the treatments of W2 and W3(except Gs).26 days after the flowering stage,SPAD increased with the increase of soil moisture at first and then decreased,Pn and Tr increased with the increasing of soil moisture(there were no significant difference between the treatments of W2 and W3),Ci and Gs decreased with the increasing of soil moisture at first and then increased.With increases in nitrogen application and soil moisture,the SOD activity and soluble protein content of flag leaves of winter wheat decreased first and then increased.Under the same levels of water,with increases in nitrogen application,the soluble sugar content in flag leaf,leaf,sheath,stem and grain increased first and then decreased,the soluble sugar content in sheath and stem decreased first and then increased.3 Effects of water and nitrogen on yield of winter wheat under supplemental irrigation based on soil moistureCompared to N1(0kg/hm2)treatment,the yield of wheat was increased for N2(225 kg/hm2)by 11.86% and for N3(300kg/hm2)by about 7.86% under the same soil moisture content.Under the same amount of nitrogen condition,compared with W1 treatment,the yield of wheat increased for W2 by 3.24% and for W3 by about 2.26%.In general,the yield was the highest under the W2N2 treatment(with the N application 225 kg/hm2 and the irrigation amount that induced the soil water contentreached 60% to 70% of the field capacity).The results showed that appropriate water and nitrogen application could increase the wheat yield.