| Winter wheat and summer maize are the main grain crops in Shanxi Province.Irrigation and fertilization are the main measures to improve their production.However,the existing irrigation methods mainly use flood irrigation,resulting in serious waste of water resources.Fertilizer application is fertilizer,which is large,uneven and easy to be lost.Therefore,adopting advanced irrigation technology and implementing water-saving and efficient irrigation system is the realistic demand of water-saving agriculture in Shanxi Province and the key to guarantee the sustainable development of agriculture.The application of micro-sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation in water-saving technology is widely used,but the application of grain crops in shanxi is few.To this end,this study carried out field trials in linfen basin in jinnan,with irrigation methods of drip irrigation,micro-sprinkling irrigation and flood irrigation,different irrigation treatments were performed under the same conditions of total irrigation and fertilization(Irrigation 3 times + nitrogen 2 times;Irrigation water 4 times + nitrogen 3 times.);The water dissipation law and water nitrogen utilization efficiency of soil water were investigated by microevaporation,to reveal the micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation water saving irrigation and irrigation of farmland moisture dissipation effects,so as to be in winter wheat-summer maize selected water efficient irrigation system.The main research conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)The irrigation methods of micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation and the increase of irrigation times can improve soil moisture content and soil water storage,and the drip irrigation and irrigation are especially significant.Compared with CK,the micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation can improve the winter wheat and summer maize growth season 0~20 cm soil layer of soil moisture content and 0~160 cm total soil water storage,improve soil pondage summer maize growth season 0.94%~3.50%,significant difference;The soil water storage in winter wheat was also improved,but the difference was not significant.Compared with micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation increases the surface soil moisture content of winter wheat and summer maize growth season by 4.69%~8.20%,the total amount of soil water storage is 0.34%~0.71%,and the fluctuation amplitude of drip irrigation is the lowest.Water and under the premise of the same total nitrogen,total irrigation applied to three and four times increase winter wheat and summer maize growth season 0~20 cm soil layer soil moisture content of 0.81%~2.07%,and four irrigation applied effect is better;The increase of soil water storage increased by 1.87%~2.22%.Winter wheat and summer maize using micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation methods of cucumber in repeated small irrigation fertilizer than flooding more help to improve the soil moisture,ensure that the growth of winter wheat and summer corn.(2)Micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation way is able to reduce the growth period of winter wheat and summer corn 0~160 cm soil,reduce the total water consumption between tree evaporation amount,the date tree between evaporation and E/ET value,increasing irrigation times will reduce the amount of water consumption,but increase evaporation between the ratio of total water consumption,water consumption increase,to a certain extent is invalid.Compared with CK,micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation reduced the total water consumption of winter wheat and summer corn by 6.49%~55.81%,and the micro spray irrigation was significantly different.Reducing the total evaporation of winter wheat and summer maize by 43.76%~60.27%,the difference reached the significant level;Lower winter wheat-summer maize E/ET value was 13.49%~24.31%.Compared with micro-sprinkler irrigation,the total water consumption of drip irrigation increased by 3.51%~4.37%,but the difference was not significant.The total water consumption of summer maize decreased by 5.76%~11.02%,and reached the level of significant difference.At the same time,the total evaporation of winter wheat and summer maize was reduced by 51.63%~93.68%,and the E/ET value of winter wheat was 10.08%~24.31%.Compared with the three times of irrigation,the total water consumption of winter wheat was reduced by 0.24%~7.68%,and the difference in winter wheat growing season was significant.Increase winter wheat-summer maize E/ET value 0.18%~3.34%;The total evaporation of the winter wheat was 2.30%~3.23%,and the corn season drip irrigation was decreased by 0.83%,but the micro-sprinkling irrigation was increased by 4.31%.Increasing the number of irrigation times will increase the total amount of water stored in the soil and reduce the total water consumption,but the ratio of the total water consumption to the total water consumption will be increased,which will increase the ineffective water consumption,and the difference is not significant.(3)Reducing irrigation frequency increases the accumulation of soil NO3--N shi,micro drip irrigation,sprinkler irrigation lower 0~160 cm,the accumulation of nitrate in the soil did not reach significant difference,but drops infuse shi 3 times increased the soil n soil NO3--N accumulation amount.The soil nitrate accumulation was 1.94%~18.40% in the whole growth period of winter wheat and summer maize.(4)The effects of drip irrigation,micro-sprinkler irrigation and the increase of irrigation on the yield,quality and water nitrogen utilization of winter wheat and summer maize were more significant.Compared with CK,micro-sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation winter wheat yield increased by 2.21%~12.08% and summer maize 2.42%~13.05%;The water utilization efficiency of winter wheat was increased by 36.38%~63.00%,summer maize 1.46%~9.69%,and the nitrogen utilization rate of winter wheat was 2.21%~12.08%,and summer maize was 2.42%~13.03%.Drip irrigation can improve the protein,hardness index,bulk density and stretch area,which is more beneficial to the grain quality of wheat.Compared with the three times of irrigation,the yield of winter wheat was increased by 0.35%~1.92% and summer maize yield was 9.62%~10.07%.The WUE of winter wheat was reduced to 2.35%~3.05%,and the WUE value of summer maize was 7.23%~8.11%.Increasing winter wheat-summer maize WUEI was 0.35%~10.07%;Increased winter wheat-summer corn PENP was 0.27%~1.92%%.The content of water,protein and starch increased by 1.18%~4.26%,0.30%~0.63%,1.17%~2.42%,and the crude fat content decreased by 4.65%~4.78%,improving the quality.In conclusion,micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation can reduce water consumption,reduce the amount of soil evaporation between tree,reduce invalid water,increase soil moisture and nutrient accumulation,yield and improve quality and nitrogen use efficiency,water irrigation effect is better,can replace the traditional flood irrigation.Increasing irrigation times can improve soil pondage reduce water consumption,the mechanism of coordination and soil water supply,improve the yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency,but to some extent,increased the ratio of soil evaporation between tree to total water consumption. |
PDF Full Text Request