| The soil animal is an important part of forest ecosystem,ecological system in the transformation of energy and material circulation plays an important role,at the same time,forest vegetation,soil environmental change will affect the composition and community structure of soil animal.Soil animal as important ecosystem decomposers,in the spatial scale showed heterogeneity,surface and subsurface soil Collembola Coleoptera adults as an important part of soil animal,plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function.On the basis of Liangshui National Nature Reserve of 9 hm~2(300 m*300 m)in broad-leaved Korean pine forest dynamic plot,on the ground and underground soil Collembola Coleoptera adult as the research object,the statistical methods of spatial analysis revealed the study variables at the community level,family level and species level spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity distribution pattern based on.Results show:The use of trap method 3times sampling survey to capture surface Coleoptera adult 3186 individuals in July 2015,August and October,belonging to 12 families,38 genera and 72 species,including Carabidae,Staphylinidae were buried a branch and sample of the dominant families.Each month,the number of community between the significant difference(P<0.05),species number and individual number were significant difference(P<0.01),community and dominant families mostly exhibited moderate similarity and not very similar,the spatial variability of community composition with moderate or strong;the end of September 2014 early October a sample were captured the underground soil Collembola 18356,belonging to 7 families,21 genera and 33 species,the dominant families including springtails warts,Aya poduridae,Isotomidae,Onychiurus fimeitayius as plots.The coefficient of variation at the community,the level and the level of the species were larger than 1.Moran’s I coefficient is a measure of spatial autocorrelation of variables(positive and negative)is an important index of the Moran’s I,indicating that the surface coefficient of Coleoptera adult community and some species have a good spatial structure with the lag distance changes in 0-150m spatial scales show complex spatial autocorrelation.The underground soil Collembola community and dominant family community performance for space is related in the whole space distance within species only in a scale or scale is significantly positive or negative correlation,most species appear in the sample space of positive and negative correlation is not significant.On the level of significance test of I>0.3,the community and species were significant(positive or negative)on a certain scale or scale.The spatial heterogeneity of the theoretical model of surface Coleoptera adult communities and species can be fitted by linear,spherical,exponential and Gauss model,heterogeneity is mainly affected by the performance of structural factors co regulation spatial aggregation or structural and random factors in the range of 12.90m-36.30m the maximum variation range between 39.30m-1158.90m changes the effect of random factors,the species also occupy a larger proportion of performance for the pure nugget effect,community and species(common species)have obvious seasonal variations of spatial heterogeneity,specifically in the air factor species and change,with the change of seasons aggregation distribution weakens,random(uniform)characteristics the enhanced distribution of spatial structure,instability,interaction of structural and random factors accounted for a larger proportion,there is considerable variation in the spatial structure.It is a random distribution,and the variation of range is seasonal and fluctuating.The underground soil Collembola community theory model can be fitted by linear,exponential,spherical and Gauss model,mainly affected by structural factors were influenced by random factors of spatial aggregation or single control performance distribution was pure nugget effect in research scale into random or formed in13.7-126.10m spatial scale.Complex between the surface and the underground soil Collembola Coleoptera adult species and environmental factors exist(positive or negative)spatial correlation between the physicochemical properties of factors of topography and soil are important factors that influence the surface and subsurface soil Collembola Coleoptera adult species spatial distribution,but the effect has differences in strength however,a simple Mantel test did not find the existence of two spatial correlation,but the correlation was found between the spatial effect of positive or negative relationship between surface Coleoptera adult species and species in the dominance hierarchy,influence spatial relations of soil Collembola significantly in water containing soil is the strongest factor.Surface Coleoptera adult community with the change of seasons(from summer to autumn)species aggregation patch shape complexity in the center and its surrounding plots to form the largest number of species accumulation area,has a certain distribution of plaque buried a branch,Carabidae and Staphylinidae community space.A gradient distribution in space,the three spatial distribution patterns are different.The shape of patch to set the number of Collembola community species is complex,showing plaque distribution characteristics of continuous,high value and value of plaque formation is relatively low plaque mosaic spatial distribution,aggregation characteristics.The spatial heterogeneity of the characteristics of this paper aims to reveal the research variables,lay the foundation for the adult of Coleoptera and Collembola species was constructed to study the mechanism. |
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