Study On The Physiological Response Of Rat To The Infection Of Haemaphysalis Longicornis

Tick is a kind of obligate blood sucking parasitic arthropod.It can carry and transmit a variety of pathogens,causing diseases and even death of people and animals,which seriously affect the development of human health and animal husbandry.Compared with other blood sucking parasitic arthropods,ticks have a long cycle of blood sucking,which destroys the large area of host skin tissue.Haemaphysalis longicornis is a species of ticks,belonging to Ixodidae,Haemaphysalis.Haemaphysalis longicornis are distributed in China and in many Asian countries with highly dangerous.Similar to other Ixodes,the life cycle of the Haemaphysalis longicornis needs four stages: eggs,larvae,nymphs,and adults.It develops to the next stage after satiety blood.Haemaphysalis longicornis is not only parasitic on the surface of small mammals such as rodents,but also infest large mammals commonly such as sheep.The population of Haemaphysalis longicornis' s nymphs in field is very large,there will be thousands of ticks on one host in the spring and caused serious harm.In this study,we simulated the host's condition bitten by Haemaphysalis longicornis' s nymphs and to analyze the changes of proteome and proteome phosphorylation modification in the skin tissue of SD rats after being bitten by Haemaphysalis longicornis.In order to find out target proteins related to immunomodulation in rats,to explain the immune regulation mechanism of mammals on ticks invasion from molecular level.In this study,quantitative proteomics and phosphorylation-modified proteomes of all proteins in the skin tissue of SD rats before and after hornbite were observed using i TRAQ quantitative proteomics.The results showed that the protein expression and phosphorylation of some of the proteins in the rat skin were significantly changed after bite.This study identified a total of 3454 proteins with quantitative information before and after biting,of which 2388 were differentially expressed,1590 were up-regulated,and 798 were down-regulated.Bioinformatics analysis methods were used to systematically organize,categorize,and classify differentially expressed proteins,and found that Catenin ?,Septin 8,Coagulation factor XIII,and SRC proto-oncogenes were involved in tissue development and callus regulation pathway in rats.These proteins exist in signal pathways such as bacterial invasion into epithelial cell pathways and antibiotic biosynthesis,and play an important role in promoting coagulation,participating in DNA repair,stabilizing cell structure,cell migration,and vacuole formation.They are closely related to the immune regulation mechanism of the host initiated by ticks and are a link to explore the mechanism of mammalian immune regulation against tick bite,which is of great significance for its research.At the same time,At the same time,by using Ti O2 beads for enrichment of phosphopeptides and mass spectrometry identification using i TRAQ quantitative proteomics,we further analyzed the extent of phosphorylation of proteins and identified phosphopeptides with quantified data.Among them,there were 159 peptides whose phosphorylation levels were up-regulated,and 71 were down-regulated.These sites were eventually categorized into 188 proteins,of which 30 were proteins with two or more phosphorylation sites,which accounted for approximately 15.96% of the results.Using GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis methods,these proteins were classified and analyzed.The results showed that some of the proteins such as protein kinase C? are widely involved in biological processes such as cell aging,heat of reaction,positive regulation of GTPase activity,etc.,p21 protein-activating in actin cytoskeleton pathway and BRAF and heat shock protein(HSP)in the MARK signal pathway,play the role of activation,promotion or inhibition,affecting the skin tissue repair and wound healing in rats.In this paper,it was the first time study the changes of protein expression in SD rats after the bite of ticks by usingthe i TRAQ quantitative proteomics method and the effects of tick invasion on skin tissue in SD rats were evaluated at the molecular level.The impact of the process on the process was evaluated at the molecular level.The results provided evidences for elucidating the immunomodulatory mechanism of mammalian skin tissues after invasion of Haemaphysalis longicornis,it has some enlightenments for inhibiting ticks' blood sucking by molecular means and targeting the development of anti-tick vaccine,which provides some theoretical basis for comprehensive control of ticks.