Effects Of Different Grass Species And Living Grass Roots On Apple Roots And Soil Environment Of Root-zone

The suitable grass is an important foundation for the cultivation of orchards.Orchard grasses mainly affect roots and root zone environments affecting fruit trees through roots and their secretions,Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens,Lolium pereenne L.,Phyla canescens,Stellaria dichotoma L.and Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.var.pinyiensis Jiang were used as materials in the experiment,investigate their effects on apple root and root soil environment and analyze the effect of the root and its secretions.The results show that:1.The five grasses tested all improved apple root activity,improved root architecture,and significantly increased nutrient content,microbial population,and enzyme activity in the apple root zone soil.Among them,the effect of the growth of Phyla canescens on the growth of apple roots and the available potassium,organic matter,microorganisms and enzyme activities in the root zone were more obvious than those of other four grasses.The comprehensive effect of Lolium pereenne L.on the soil environment of apple roots and root zone was not as obvious as that of Vicia villosa and Trifolium repens.Stellaria dichotoma L.significantly increased the number of soil fungi,and the effect on other parameters of apple root system and root zone soil was less than that of other four grasses.2.Nylon nets and plastic pots were used to separate the root zone soil of grasses and Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.var.pinyiensis Jiang and the effects of grass root and grass root secretions were distinguished.For the majority of indicators of apple roots and root zone soil,five grasses showed root body.The effect is greater than that of root exudates.3.Grass root and grass root secretions have different effects on the apple root system.The root system of Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens,Lolium pereenne L.and Phyla canescens had more influence on root system of apple than grass root exudates.The root system of Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens and Phyla canescens inhibited the growth of apple roots,but their secretions promote root growth.The growth of roots promoted the growth;Stellaria dichotoma L.roots and root exudates had significant inhibitory effects on the elongation of apple roots.4.There are differences in the effects of grass rootstock and grass root exudates on the apple root zone soil.The root body of Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens,significantly increasedthe contents of available iron,available Manganese,and effective Zinc in the apple root zone.The roots of the Trifolium repens significantly increased the content of available P,available K,fungi,and neutral phosphatase activity;The material significantly increased soil neutral phosphatase activity in the apple root zone,and Trifolium repens,root secretion promoted effective copper accumulation.Lolium pereenne L.and fork cultivars,roots,and roots enhance the amount of available iron,neutral phosphatase activity,fungi,and bacteria in the apple roots;their root exudates promote the accumulation of potent copper and exchangeable calcium and magnesium.The root body of the root body of the genus Ligularis in Phyla canescens Mountains promoted the accumulation of available iron and available manganese in the apple root area and increased the number of fungi.The root exudates increased the content of calcium and magnesium in the soil and inhibited the growth of fungi.5.Intercropping for 6 years of Vicia villosa and Lolium pereenne L.significantly increased soil TOC,LFOC,DOC,POC,ROC,and MBC contents in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers,and the increase extent of Vicia villosa was higher than that of Lolium pereenne L.Intercropping made the peak pattern of diurnal variation of soil respiration rate and Pn diurnal curve of apple leaves more obvious.Intercropping madame and ryegrass both significantly increased the soil respiration rate during daytime,and the effect of turf seeds was more significant;the daily variation of Pn in apple leaves was at the peak and between the two peaks,intercropping Vicia villosa and Lolium pereenne L.significantly increased Pn in apple leaves.From the overall effect of the trial,the legumes in the apple orchard were better than the intercropped grasses.