Effects Of Different Fertilization And Irrigation Methods OnWater Consumption Characteristics And PhotosyntheticCharacteristics In Wheat Under Supplemental IrrigationBased On Measuring Soil Moisture

The experiment was performed at an experimental farm of the Shandong Agricultural University during the wheat growing seasons in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.Wheat cultivars were used jimai22.four N application rates were designed:0?N0?,180?N1?,210?N2?and240?N3?kg N ha^-1.Under different N application rates,three fertilization and irrigation methods were designed:ditching fertilizer no irrigation mode?W0?;ditching fertilizer conventional irrigation mode?W1?;integration of water and fertilizer mode by micro-sprinkling hoses?W2?.The experiment utilized the split-plot design with 3 replications.The irrigation amounts were designed with target soil moisture of 70%at jointing and 65%at anthesis respectively in 0-40 cm soil layer.The main results as follow:1 Under the same N application rates,effect of different fertilization and irrigation methods on water consumption characteristics of wheatIn 2015-2016,under the same N application rates condition,the total supplemental irrigation?SI?amount of W1 was significantly higher than that of W2.In 2016-2017,under the same N application rates condition,the SI amount was no significant difference between W1 and W2.In the both growing seasons,the soil water consumption and percentage of soil water consumption to total water consumption amounts was W0>W2>W1.Under the same N application rates condition,soil water consumption in the 100-160 cm soil layers and soil water consumption and daily water consumption from anthesis to maturity in W2 were higher than those of W1.2 Under the same N application rates,effect of different fertilization and irrigation methods on photosynthetic characteristic and dry matter accumulation and transportation of wheatIn the both growing seasons,under the same N application rates condition,the net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaves under the W2treatment was the highest,followed by W1,the lowest in W0 treatment from 7 to 28 days after anthesis?DAA?.The actual photochemical efficiency and photochemistry quenching index at filling late stage were W2>W1>W0.The leaf area index at 10 DAA,20 DAA and 30DAA were also W2>W1>W0.In the both growing seasons,under the same N application rates condition,dry matter accumulation amounts at anthesis and maturity,dry matter accumulation amounts in grain at maturity and dry matter translocation amounts from vegetative organs to grain were W2>W1>W0.3 Under the same N application rates,effect of different fertilization and irrigation methods on nitrogen accumulation and transportation and soil nitrate content of wheat3.1 Nitrogen accumulation and transportation of wheatIn the both growing seasons,under the same N application rates condition,nitrogen accumulation amount at anthesis and maturity,nitrogen accumulation amount of grain at maturity stages and nitrogen accumulation amount in vegetative organs of anthesis stagesits contribution to grain in W2 was significantly higher than other treatments.3.2 Soil SO₃^--NIn the both growing seasons,under the N1,N2,N3 application rates condition,soil SO₃^--N in the 60-120cm soil layers at anthesis and in the 60-120cm soil layers at maturity were W1>W2.4 Under the same N application rates,effect of different fertilization and irrigation methods on senescence of flag leaf activity of wheatIn the both growing seasons,under the same N application rates condition,the activity of SOD in W2 was higher than that of W0 and W1 from 14 DAA to 28 DAA.The soluble protein concentration of W2 was higher than that of W0 and W1 at 28 DAA.The malondiadhyde content in W2 was the lowest from 21 DAA to 28 DAA.5 Under the same N application rates,effect of different fertilization and irrigation methods on grain yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen productivity efficiency of wheatIn the both growing seasons,under the same N application rates condition,the grain yield and irrigation efficiency was ranked as W2>W1>W0,and irrigation efficiency was ranked as W2>W1.Under the N0,N1,N2 application rates condition,water use efficiency was ranked as W2>W1>W0.Under the N1,N2 application rates condition,nitrogen productivity efficiency was ranked as W2>W1>W0.It indicated that W2 was the optimum treatment for obtaining higher grain yield,irrigation efficiency,water use efficiency and nitrogen productivity efficiency.