| Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is a kind of holoparasitic weed,which has caused serious damage to the agricultural industry and severe economic losses in many countries and regions around the world.In the areas such as Bazhou in Xinjiang,the harm of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.has made the output of more than 50%processed tomatoes reduced,and the farmers have to give up the planting of processing tomatoes in case the prevention and the elimination are ineffective.Currently,the adopted chemical prevention,biological control,manual weeding and other controlling measures all cannot control or eliminate Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.effectively,and the research of eliminating or reducing the seed storage of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.in the soil has been widely concerned by the public.To eliminate or reduce the seed storage of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.in the soil,we shall firstly confirm the seed germination process of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.and the main factors that influence the germination;therefore,besides delving deeper into the pre-culture and root secretions,it is necessary for us to further explore whether other rhizosphere environmental conditions have effect on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.By taking the stimulation of rhizosphere environment factors on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds as the main research contents,this study has researched the stimulations of rhizosphere water content,salinity,pH value,nutrient,microorganism and other conditions on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds,and whether will they affect the normal germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.In addition,the effects of rhizosphere soil extract liquid and different crop rotation modes on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds are studied.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:?1?Effects of rhizosphere abiotic factors on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.When the water potential is among 0 MPa to-1.1 MPa,the Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds will sprout,and the germination rates are 8.39%,8.28%,12.59%,8.33%,13.43%,10.68%,6.28%,6.67%and 11.33%respectively.In addition,the drought tolerance of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seed is very strong,it can germinate under high water stress,so it is rather difficult to prevent and control Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.through controlling the soil moisture;when the concentration of sodium chloride is 0 mmol/L,the seed germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is the highest?14.53%?;and when it is 100 mmol/L,the seed germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is the lowest?0.56%?,therefore,the seed germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is correlated with salt stress,but it also needs to be considered comprehensively.The manner of using salinity control to prevent and control Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.still needs to be further studied,and the field trial study needs to be carried out;when the p H value equals 6.0 and 6.5,the seed germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is lower?8.59%,7.19%?,and when p H value equals 8.0,the seed germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is the highest?16.75%?.Urea?amide nitrogen?can promote the seed germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.under the concentration of 10-3g/m L and 10-44 g/mL,and the concentration of 10-3g/mL and 10-44 g/mL have the greatest influence on the effect of the seed germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.especially;the three kinds of organic fertilizers are respectively decomposed and undecomposed,sterilized and unsterilized,and the decomposed and sterilized goat manure can inhibit the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds when it is under 1 x 10-44 g/mL.The study is carried out under ideal conditions,while the field test still needs to be carried out to verify how well does it work on preventing and removing the Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.in production.However,the thought of alleviating the harm of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.through soil microenvironment conditioning is correct.?2?Effect of rhizosphere microorganism on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.After Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.is parasitic on tomatoes,it has a certain influence on soil microbial community,resulting in the change of the structure of soil fungi and bacterial community,and the parasitic system tomato rhizosphere soil has some similarities with the bacterial community of the tomato rhizosphere soil that is not parasitized by Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers..The structure and richness of soil fungal community changes along with the parasitism of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.Compared with the content of the dominant mycorrhizal fungi of non-rhizosphere soil,the content of the dominant mycorrhizal fungi of parasitic system tomato rhizosphere soil is lower,and there have some differences.Compared with the other two groups,the microbial population structure of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.parasitic system tomato rhizosphere soil is more complex,the diversity of species is richer and the number of microbes is also relatively large.In this study,two strains of bacteria?bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus?are selected to inhibit the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds,and the inhibition rate is found to be up to 100%.?3?Effects of rhizosphere soil extract liquid on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.The germination rate of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seed that is processed by the 10 times diluent extracted from ethyl acetate is 24.75%,and the germination rates of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds that are processed respectively by the 100 times and the 1000 times diluents extracted from methyl alcohol and ethyl acetate are all over 88%;the 10 times diluents extracted from the distilled water,methyl alcohol and the ethyl acetate that used for the tomato rhizosphere soil without the parasitism of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.all can stimulate the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds,and the germination rates of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds that are processed respectively by the 100 times and the 1000 times diluents are all over 85%;the germination rates of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds that are respectively processed by the 10 times diluent extracted from the distilled water of non-rhizosphere soil and the 10 times diluent extracted from the methyl alcohol are 1.56%and1.59%,and the germination rates of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds that are processed respectively by the 100 times and the 1000 times diluents extracted are all over 80%.The germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seed is related to the stimulants in the soil and the dilution ratio of the soil extract liquid,however,when the dilution ratio is large enough,the concentration of the stimulating substance will be too low to be effective.?4?Effects of three crop rotation modes on the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seeds.The root exudates of Xinchun No.6 wheat cultivars and Zhengdan 958 maize varieties contain the substances that can stimulate the germination of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.seed.In the production,if the method of wheat cultivars or maize varieties crop rotation with processed tomato is adopted,it can reduce the seed storage of Phelipanche eagyptiaca Pers.in the soil,and Xinchun No.6 wheat cultivars and Zhengdan 958 maize varieties can be selected. |
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