Effects Of Ridge And Furrow Rain Harvesting With Irrigation On Wheat Yield And Use Efficiency Of Water And Fertilizer In Guanzhong Irrigation District

Wheat is an important food crop in China.It is very important for China's food security to maintain wheat high production.Wheat is a highly water-consuming crop and the wheat growing season is contrary to the rainy season in northern region so wheat needs to be irrigated to get high yield.However,most of the current irrigation methods are flood irrigation which cause serious waste of water.The ridge and furrow rain harvesting is an effective planting patterns in improving utilization efficiency of precipitation in north dry farming regions in China.Two cultivation patterns?flat planting and ridge and furrow rain harvesting?and four irrigation amount(0 m³·hm^-2,400 m³·hm^-2,1200 m³·hm^-22 and 2000m³·hm^-2)were conducted in the study that winter wheat in the guanzhong irrigation district was an object in 2015-2017.The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of the ridge and furrow rain harvesting and irrigation on soil moisture,soil temperature,growth of wheat,grain yield,and the use efficiency of water and fertilizer.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?Before anthesis,the average water moisture of 0-100 cm increased with the increase of irrigation amount under the same planting mode and the water moisture under ridge and furrow rain harvesting was higher than flat planting under the same irrigation amount.After anthesis,the effect of soil moisture conservation under ridge and furrow rain harvesting gradually diminished and the effects of soil moisture conservation under ridge and furrow rain harvesting diminished along with the decrease of irrigation amount.Irrigation can significantly change the total water consumption and soil water consumption in 0-200 cm soil layer during seeding and maturing stage.The total water consumption increased with the increase of irrigation amount but the soil water consumption decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.The ridge and furrow rain harvesting could promote the wheat to utilize soil water storage under the four irrigation amount level.In addition to soil moisture,the planting of ridge and furrow rain harvesting had an impact on the soil temperature.The ridge and furrow rain harvesting showed a good warming effect at the early stage,while it showed that the temperature of the ridge and furrow rain harvesting was lower than that of the flat planting.?2?The ridge and furrow rain harvesting and irrigation both had significant effects on the growth of winter wheat.The tiller and stem,the aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation weight increased with irrigation amount increased under the same planting mode while the amplification decreased with irrigation amount increased.The tiller and stem,the aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation weight of the ridge and furrow rain harvesting was higher than flat planting under the same irrigation amount.The ridge and furrow rain harvesting could promote the growth of wheat leaves and delay the aging of leaf at the late stage.The LAI of the rainfall harvesting was higher than that of the flat planting under four irrigation amount levels.?3?The grain yield of ridge and furrow rain harvesting was significantly higher than that of flat planting.When the irrigation amount was 2000 m³·hm^-2,the grain yield under the flat planting was highest.When the irrigation amount was 1200 m³·hm^-2,the grain yield under ridge and furrow rain harvesting was highest.At the production level(6-7 t·hm^-2),when the amount of irrigation was reduced by 800 m³·hm^-2,the WUE,PWUE and IWUE of the rainfall harvesting with medium irrigation treatment was 31.95%,8.00%,97.39%more than the flat planting with high irrigation treatment in two years,respectively.The NupE,NfP and NUE of the rainfall harvesting with medium irrigation treatment was 5.91%,7.89%and 5.89%more than that of the flat planting with high irrigation treatment,respectively.These results indicated that the ridge and furrow rain harvesting with irrigation that the total irrigation amount was 1200 m³·hm^-22 probably be a good planting mode in the area because of the yield-increase effect and the efficient use of precipitation and irrigation.