Effects Of Ridge-furrow Planting Pattern With Supplementary Irrigation On Soil Moisture And Winter Wheat Growth And Development

Ridge-furrow rainwater is a planting mode to raise rainfall utilization efficiency and improve the water supply of crops and achieve high yields of crops in arid areas.On the whole,ridge-furrow rainwater can greatly improve crop yield and WUE,but because of the uneven distribution of precipitation in arid areas,it is still inevitable for crops to suffer from water deficit in a certain growth period.Therefore,combining ridge-furrow rainwater planting technology and supplementary irrigation in the critical period of crop water demand can ensure a greater degree of the high and stable yield of crops.In this study,the winter wheat “Xiaoyan 22” was taken as the research object,and two planting methods(traditional flat cultivation and ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting cultivation)and four kinds of supplementary irrigation methods(rain-fed after sowing(P0/M0)?jointing stage filling cover40 mm(P1/M1),heading stage filling cover 40 mm(P2/M2)?jointing stage and heading stage mending irrigation 40 mm(P3/M3))were set up to explore the effects of different cultivation methods and supplementary irrigation methods on temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture?growth physiological indexes?grouting characteristics?yield and water use efficiency.The main conclusions were as follow:(1)Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting cultivation has an entropy-increasing effect on0~120 cm soil layer and has a descending moisture effect on 120~200 cm.In 0~40 cm soil layer,during the whole growth period,the soil water storage of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting increased by 11.19% on average compared with the control,40~120 cm soil layer increased by 1.52%,and 120~200 cm soil layer decreased by 4.52%.Supplementary irrigation treatment can significantly improve the soil water storage of0~200cm depth,and the soil water storage in jointing stage and heading stage was the largest.Supplementary irrigation treatment had the greatest impact on soil water storage of 0~40 cm depth,which increased by 8.11%~11.79% compared with non-supplementary irrigation treatment.(2)Compared with plain irrigation,ridge and furrow irrigation could significantly improve plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content of winter wheat.Among them,M3 is the largest.Under the same amount of supplementary irrigation,no matter ridge and furrow planting or traditional plain farming,all physiological indexes of winter wheat treated with supplementary irrigation at jointing stage(P1/M1)was better thanthat at heading stage(P2/M2).(3)Compared with flat planting,ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting planting improved the rate and duration of grain filling.Appropriate amount of supplementary irrigation can not only extend the duration of rapid-growth period of grain filling,increase the rate of rapid-growth period,but also increase the average rate of grain filling,and extend the duration of grain filling,so as to increase the 1000-grain weight.However,the rate of grain filling will decrease if the amount of water exceeds a certain limit.Among them,the average grain filling rate of M1 treated is the largest.(4)Compared with plain irrigation,the corresponding ridge and furrow irrigation could significantly increase winter wheat yield by 6.25%~8.41%.Ridge planting and rainwater harvesting can increase the yield by increasing the number of grains per winter and the 1000-grain weight.Appropriate amount of supplementation can increase the number of spikes,grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat,but excessive irrigation will lead to a decrease in 1000-grain weight.(5)Compared with plain irrigation,the corresponding ridge and furrow irrigation could significantly improve the water use efficiency of winter wheat,with an increase of8.48%~11.36%.Under ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting planting,jointing stage filling cover 40 mm(M1)has the highest irrigation water use efficiency.Compared with M0?M2and M3,the water use efficiency of M1 increased by 5.91%?7.07% and 3.68%,respectively,compared with M2 and M3,the irrigation water use efficiency of M1 increased by 2.06 times and 0.72 times.(6)Under the ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting planting,the yield of M3 was increased by 1.76% compared with M1,but the water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of M1 were 3.68% and 71.90% higher than that M3 respectively.Therefore,ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting planting combined with supplementary irrigation of 40 mm at jointing stage(M1)is the optimal treatment for saving water and increasing yield of winter wheat in the semi-humid and drought-prone area of Northwest China.