Evaluation Of Biocompatibility,sealing Ability And Antibacterial Ability Of MTA,Endosequence,and Biodentine

Due to the rapid development of utilization of new bio-material and operational technology, nonsurgical endodontic treatment, which has achieved a great successful rate,It is playing an increasingly important role in clinical treatment[1.2]. Adequate preparation and complete obturation of the root canal system is the key to successful endodontic treatment. Surgical intervention is indicated when orthograde pretreatment fails or is contraindicated. The object of periapical surgery is to eliminate lesions and to prevent the ingress of residual irritants from getting into the periradicular area by introducing an apical seal. Resection and retrograde preparation of the root canal is followed by a placement of a material to seal the apical canal anatomy. So an outstanding sealing material is the key to the success of a perfect root canal therapy.The most important property for an excellent root-end filling materials is the ability to seal the root canal system, together with insoluble and stabile physical property, good biocompatibility and antibacterial ability.An array of restorative materials has been adapted for root-end filling, such as amalgam, composite, glass ionomer, and super-EBA. Mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)was introduced specifically to root-end filling and perforation repair for its remarkable sealing capability and excellent biocompatibility, which made it the“golden” standard for root-end filling materials. However, its poor handling characteristics, initial looseness, and slow setting time limited the utilization of MTA.The manufacturer of the two novel bio-ceramic materials, Biodentine and Endo Sequence Root Repair Material(EMMR), claims that to have comparable physical and mechanical properties to MTA but with superior handling and setting characteristics.On the other hand, being the novel utilized material, Biodentine and ERRM haven't been fully evaluated. Biocompatibility ? Leakage ? antibacterial are the key factors to evaluate new retrograde filling materials. By utilizing skull of rats ? fluid filtration leakage model and root canal model infected model, we tested the three major properties(the biocompatibility?microleakage and antibacterial ability) of root canal filling materials,Biodentine and ERRM material with MTA, to evaluate them in vitro. Our study has provided profound data of a comprehensive evaluation of two novel root-end filling materials- Biodentine and EMMR, which is critical to the further clinical utilization in root canal therapy.Experiment one:The biocompatibility of two bio-ceramic root canal filling materialsObjective: Using rat bone implants experiment to compare the biocompatibility of MTA,Biodentine and ERRM.Methods: 4 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =1 in each group). MTA,Biodentine and ERRM were implanted in the skulls of rats.After 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks, skull implant and material biocompatibility were examined.Results: The experimental observation of bone implants after 2 and 4 weeks with MTA and Biodentine showed that fibrous connective tissue migration and osteoblasts were increased from week 8. At week 12, the surface of the material tested was completely covered by new bones. At week 2, 4 and 8, fibrous connective tissue gradually enveloped the material in ERRM group. At week 12, Some of the new bones surround the split material and material internal irregular growth.Conclusion: The material ERRM has better biocompatibility in the rat bone tissue. MTA and Biodentine are similar on the biocompatibility of the rat bone tissue approximation.Experiment Two: The sealing ability of two bio-ceramic root repair materials.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the apical sealing ability of the two bio-ceramic materials:Biodentine and ERRMMaterials and Methods:Forty-four extracted human anterior single-root teeth were used.The coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root canals were prepared with MTWO files and then filled with AHplus by using continuous wave gutta-percha technique.The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 12 teeth each. Group A was Biodentine,Group B was ERRM,Group C was MTA. The evaluation of the microleakage was performed with a fluid filtration method at 24 hours and 1,4,8 weeks.Results: The pressure of three groups slightly dropped as time went by, with the utmost drop from 24 hours to 1 week. There was no significant difference in fluid leakage among the groups, as well as no time effect on leakage(P>0.05).Conclusion:It is easy to establish fluid filtration model, since no destroriaton of sample,no tracer or bacteria are required. Biodentine and ERRM were equivalent to MTA in root canal sealing ability.Experiment Three: To evaluate the antibacterial ability of two bio-ceramic root canal sealers.Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial ability of two bio-ceramic root canal sealers by root canal infected model with E.f.Material and methods: Single rooted human teeth infected with E.f for 3 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups(Group A was Biodentine,Group B was ERRM,Group C was MTA), and a positive and a negative control group. The corresponding samples were taken after1 d, 3d, 7d, and 14 d respectively, which were drilled by using a round bur. Then,the collected filling material and dentin was diluted stepwise for culture, and the number of bacteria were counted and analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Result: The antibacterial ability of three materials was time-dependent and had lasted for14 days. All A B C groups possess antibacterial ability compared with the positive control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in root canal infected model with E.f among the groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:ERRM and Biodentine are similar on the antibacterial ability as MTA.