Analysis Of Bioactive Components,Antioxidant Activity And Hepatoprotective Effects Of Novel Jujube Beverage From Laoling Zizyphus Jujuba Cv. Jinsixiaozao

Zizyphus jujube is one of the most important economic trees in China because of its'drought and barren soil resistant, high-yield, rich nutrition, significant benefits of economy and ecology. The nutrients of jujube including saccharide, protein, amino acid, fat, nucleotide, triterpenes and its'saponin, flavonoid, polyphenol, alkaloid, mineral element, vitamin and other bioactive substances, which contribute to its effects such as nourish blood, soothe the nerves, boost immunity, anti-aging and so on. Especially, phenolic acids'antioxidant activity makes it becoming hot research area in food science and biomedical fields recently.In addition, it is proven that jujube has obvious effects on suppressing the reproduction of cancer cells, reducing the blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, protecting liver and treating allergy by pharmacological experiments. Therefore, either at home or abroad, the development and utilization of high-end functional foods and drugs of jujube have been drawing extensive attention in recent years.Due to the new life style of modern people and growing consumption of alcoholic drink, morbidity of alcoholic disease is increasing year by year. Alcoholism is considered as one of the most severe addictive diseases prevalent at present. After long-or short-term excessive alcohol drinking, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) may lead to serious liver injury. As the main site of metabolic functions, liver is the frequent target organ of ethanol toxicity. The ethanol metabolites in body which including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acetaldehyde could deplete glutathione (GSH) and cause free radical-mediated cell apoptosis in the liver. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, there has been a growing focus on functional food alleviating oxidative stress and liver disease induced by alcohol recently;.Laoling Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao has a long cultivation history in Dezhou, Shandong Province. It was sent to feudal dynasty as tribute, and is selling well in domestic, Southeast Asia, Japan, America and other places. In order to exploit its medical and edible value, taking Jujube Beverage from Laoling Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao as research object, we analyzed its'main bioactive components and studied its'antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects. We hope to provide theoretical guidance for product development in respect of bioactive components, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects.In the process of the research, free monosaccharides in the novel jujube juice were determined by the HPLC-RID method while the contents of rutin and cyclic nucleotides were determined by using the HPLC-UV method. The quantification of total phenolic, flavonoids and the water-soluble polysaccharides was accomplished by the UV spectrophotometric method. Amino acid and mineral contents were obtained by using the automatic amino acid analyzer and atomic absorption photometric methods, respectively. In addition, HPLC-UV method and HPLC-MS method were applied to analyze components of phenolic acids in the novel jujube beverage, meanwhile, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of these phenolic acids and the jujube beverage itself by chemical methods include DPPH method, ABTS method, ORAC method and FRAP method. Finally, hepatoprotective effects were of the jujube juice were studied by animal experiments.The results show that The average contents of sucrose, glucose, fructose and polysaccharides in the novel jujube juice were found to be 3.9,27.3,32.5 and 3.6 mg/mL, respectively. The total amino acid average content was 269.7 ?g/mL. The mineral average contents of Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Cu were determined to be 35.1?0.85?55.8?0.85?0.44?0.41?0.21?g/mL, respectively. The novel jujube juice contained average 1.34 mg/mL gallic acid equivalents of total phenolics and average 157.3 ?g/mL rutin equivalents of total flavonoids. Finally, the average amounts of rutin, cAMP and cGMP were quantified to be 7.15,19.17, and 8.11 ?g/mL, respectively. There are five kinds of phenolic acids in the novel jujube beverage including protocatechuic acid, catechol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid(PHBA), vanillic acid and p-cournaric acid at least. According to the results, the five phenolic acids and the jujube juice itself had significant antioxidant effect which was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS·+, ORAC and FRAP assays. In addition, the results of animal experiments show that the jujube juice dramatically (p<0.05) decreased the liver index, the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT and LDH, levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) which were induced by alcohol. The administration of mice with the jujube juice significantly (p<0.05) reduced MDA and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-PX towards the model. Furthermore, the pathological analyses proved the liver preventive and therapeutic effects of the jujube juice in mice. Therefore, the jujube juice could be used as a preventive and therapeutic functional food for liver damage induced by alcohol, since it is a source of nutraceutical and biologically active compounds.