Parenting Styles And Developmental Behaviors In Children Aged 18 Months

Objective The aim of present study was to develop a brief parenting style questionnaire for1 to 3 years old children and to evaluate the reliability and validity for questionnaire based on research of psychological behavior science theory and the effect of parenting styles on child health.Methods According to four dimensions of attention and acceptance,warmth and interaction,neglect and restriction and outdoors and sociality,toddler parenting style questionnaire has been established by 25 items.We chose 1601 children grouped by 1 year ± 7d,1.5 year ± 7d,2 year ± 7d,2.5 ± 7d,3year ± 7d to survey in Ma'anshan maternity and child care center.Purposive sampling was used to present survey.Then we selected randomly 50 parents in 1061 to repeated measure.Two-independent samples t test,Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,factor analysis and other statistical methods were used to screen the items.We used analysis of variance to analysis differential validity of scale.The reliability of questionnaire were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient,split coefficient,Pearson correlation coefficient.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to detect the differential validity of questionnaire.Varimax with Kaiser normalization were applied to factor analysis for items and was used to assess the construct validity of questionnaire.Results After two-independent samples t test,Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,factor analysis and other statistical methods,we finally established informal questionnaire by 20 items.The questionnaire was suitable for the division of four dimensions after factor analysis.Four dimensions were named attention and acceptance,warmth and interaction,neglect and restriction and outdoors and sociality respectively.Variance cumulative contribution rate was 55.05%;Cronbach's alpha coefficien of questinnaire and each dimensions,split coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.887,0.604-0.840,0.803,0.643-0.810 respectively.The result of Analysis of variance showed that scores of attention and acceptance,warmth and interaction,outdoors and sociality and total scores had difference in different parental cultural degree(P<0.05).Confirmatory factor analysis result showed that the value of goodness of fit index(GFI),adjusted goodness of fit index(AGFI),non-normed fit index(NFI),relative fit index(RFI),comparative fit index(CFI),root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)was 0.916,0.892,0.884,0.865,0.902,0.065.All indicators were at the significant level and had a great reliability and validity.Conclusion The homogeneity reliability,split reliability,retest reliability,content validity,differential validity and structure validity of toddler parenting style questionnaire were all ideal.The questionnaire is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics and named Brief Toddler Parenting Style Questionnaire(BTPSQ).It provided a simple and effective tool for assessing child aged 1 to 3 parenting style.Objective To examine the effect of parenting styles on developmental behavior in children aged 18 months.Methods Brief Toddler Parenting Styles Questionnaire(BTPSQ)and Age and Stages Questionnaires,Third Edition(ASQ-3)was performed for 2 822 children aged 18 months from Ma'anshan maternity and child care center.Parents fill out BTPSQ and MABC.BTPSQ was used to survey child parenting style and child developmental behavior was assessed by ASQ-3.Chi-square test was used to compare parenting styles and child developmental behavior problems,and four parenting styles were divided into the high group,the middle group and the low group respectively;we use multiple logistic regression to analysis the effect of parenting styles on developmental behavior in children aged 18 months by each the middle group of four parenting styles as reference.ResultThe rate of severe development delay of children aged 18 months in communication,gross motor,fine motor,problem-solving,and personal-social accounted for 2.1%?3.3%?3.6%?3.4%?3.7%.Chi-square test for parenting styles and children's developmental behavior found that the high group,the middle group and the low group of four parenting styles were associated with children's developmental behavior.The difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);multiple logistic regression showed that low attention and acceptance(OR= 3.28,95% CI:1.60-6.71),low warmth and interaction(OR = 10.62,95% CI:3.68-30.60)and low outdoors and sociality(OR = 7.82,95% CI: 2.97-20.63)was risk factor of children's severe development delay in communication,P<0.01;low outdoors and sociality(OR = 2.52,95% CI:1.29-4.93)was risk factor of severe development delay of children's gross motor,P<0.01;low attention and acceptance(OR=2.59,95% CI:1.40-4.78),low warmth and interaction(OR = 2.52,95%CI:1.42-4.47)and low outdoors and sociality(OR = 3.61,95% CI:1.96-6.66)was risk factor of severe development delay in fine motor,P < 0.01,low neglect and restriction(OR = 0.52,95% CI:0.30-0.92)was protective factor of severe development delay in fine motor,P<0.05;low attention and acceptance(OR = 3.59,95% CI:1.99-6.46),low warmth and interaction(OR = 2.23,95% CI:1.74-6.00)and low outdoors and sociality(OR = 3.04,95% CI:1.69-5.47)was risk factor of severe development delay in children's problem-solving(P < 0.01),low neglect and restriction decreased the risk of severe development delay in children's problem-solving,P < 0.05;middle warmth and interaction(OR = 1.70,95%CI:1.03-2.81),low warmth and interaction(OR = 2.88,95% CI:1.03-2.81),low outdoors and sociality(OR = 2.22,95% CI:1.21-4.06)had significantly higher odds of having severe development delay in personal-social(P<0.05).Conclusion Parenting style have significant effect on developmental behavior of children aged 18 months,different parenting styles influence child developmental behavior.