Study On The Influence Of Microwave Radiation On The Immune Function In Flight Environment

Objective To explore the effect of microwave radiation on the immune function in flight environment and its mechanism.Methods(1)The immune globulin and complement(immune globulin G,immune globulin A,immune globulin M,C3,C4)levels of 317 pilots and 100 ground workers were assayed.According to the airplane models,we divided the 383 pilots to bombing unit,transport unit,helicopter unit and unit of annihilation.Each model group according to the time of flight of less than 1000 h group,1000-1999 h group and 2000-3000 h group,all the above groups with ground staff as control group.We analyzed the differences of each model group with control group and the correlation between the immune indexes and flight time and.(2)Stimulating the microwave band(S band :2.856GHZ)which the pilots in,According to the average power density of microwave radiation,72 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.The rats were exposed to microwave radiation for 15 minutes everyday and 5 days a week,and then killed at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 6 weeks.The blood and immune indexes(immune globulin G,immune globulin A,immune globulin M,C3,C4)were detected.The pathological changes of spleen was observed.The apoptosis of spleen cells in rats after irradiation for 3 weeks and 6 weeks were analyzed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.Results(1)Grouped according to aircraft types: compared with the ground group,IgG of the bomber crew group decreased,complement C3 increased(P<0.05);IgA and IgG of the transport unit decreased,complement C3,C4 increased(P<0.05);IgA,IgG and IgM of the helicopter unit decreased and complement C4 increased(P<0.05);IgG of the annihilation unit decreased and complement C3 increased(P<0.05).(2)The group type grouped according to the time of flight:(1)the bomber group: compared with the ground group,complement C3 of the <1000h group increased(P<0.05),complement C3,C4 of the 1000-1999 h group increased(P<0.05),the level of IgG in 2000-3000 h group decreased,C3 increased(P<0.05).(2)The transport unit: compared with the ground group,complement C4 of the <1000h group increased(P<0.05),the level of IgG of the 1000-1999 h group decreased and complement C3,C4 increased(P<0.05),the level of IgA and IgG in 2000-3000 h group decreased(P<0.05).(3)The helicopter crew: compared with the ground group,the level of IgG of <1000h group and 1000-1999 h group decreased and complement C4 increased(P<0.05),the level of IgA and IgG in 2000-3000 h group decreased(P<0.05).(4)The annihilation unit: compared with the ground group,complement C3,C4 of the <1000h group increased(P<0.05),the level of IgG of the 1000-1999 h group decreased and complement C3,C4 increased(P<0.05),the level of IgA and IgG in 2000-3000 h group decreased(P<0.05).The level of immune globulin in each group decreased gradually with the increasing of flight time.(3)There is a certain correlation between the C4 level and the flight time of the transport unit(P<0.05).The S model Y=1.268×e(0.718E-5)X was simulated.(4)Rat blood results:(1)After 2 weeks of continuous radiation,compared with the control group,the WBC count,LYMPH count and MONO count had a decreasing trend(P>0.05).(2)After continuous radiation for 3 weeks,the count of WBC in 10mW/cm2 group decreased 1.89 x 10~9/L than the control group significantly(P<0.05),the other groups had the trend of decreasing.LYMPH count in 10mW/cm2 group decreased 1.61 x 10~9/L than the control group significantly(P<0.05),the other group had the trend of decreasing.MONO count in 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group were significantly decreased than in the control group(P<0.05),5mW/cm2 group had the trend of decreasing(P> 0.05).(3)After continuous radiation for 6 weeks,compared with the control group,WBC count of radiation groups were significantly decreased,the count of WBC in 20mW/cm2 group decreased 2.45 x 10~9/L.The count of LYMPH decreased 1.63 x 10~9/L in 10mW/cm2 group and 1.97 x 10~9/L in 20mW/cm2 group.The count of MONO in 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group were significantly decreased than in the control group(P<0.05).The WBC count,LYMPH count and MONO count in the radiation group were gradually decreased with the increase of the power density.Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in NEUT count of the radiation groups(P> 0.05).(5)The result of immune index analysis in rats:(1)After 2 weeks of microwave radiation,compared with the control group,the immune globulin A level of the 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group increased 57.28 and 99.45 ug /ml(P<0.05),5mW/cm2 group had the trend of increasing(P> 0.05).the immune globulin G level of the all the radiation groups increased(P<0.05).the immune globulin M level of the all the radiation groups had the trend of increasing(P> 0.05).(2)After 3 weeks of radiation,the level of immune globulin M increased 19ug/ml in the 10mW/cm2 group(P<0.05).(3)After 6 weeks of radiation,compared with the control group,the immune globulin A level of the 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group decreased 38.02 and 56.70ug/ml(P<0.05),5mW/cm2 group had the trend of decreasing(P>0.05).The immune globulin G level of the all the radiation groups decreased by 1.04,2.14 and 2.94mg/ml(P<0.05).The immune globulin M level of the 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group decreased 7.95 and 20.92ug/ml(P<0.05),5mW/cm2 group had the trend of decreasing(P> 0.05).The C3 level of the 10mW/cm2 group and 20mW/cm2 group increased,the C4 level of the 20mW/cm2 group increased 0.31mg/ml(P<0.05).The IgA,IgG and IgM levels in the radiation groups were gradually decreased with the increase of the power density(P>0.05).(6)Pathological analysis in spleen of rats shows as follows.After 2 weeks of radiation,the spleen pathological changes in 20mW/cm2 group compared with the control group.After 3 and 6 weeks of radiation,the spleens were significantly changed in all groups.Spleen pathology showed lymphatic sheath disorder,the number of spleen bodies decreasing,the boundaries between red pulp and white pulp fuzzy and obvious red pulp congestion.(7)After 3 and 6 weeks of microwave irradiation,electrophoresis of the DNA fragment of the rat spleen cells changed with ladder shape,and the degradation degree increased with the increase irradiation of microwave density.Conclusion In the flight environment,the pilot's immune indicators will be changed,IgA,IgG,IgM decreased,C3,C4 increased and C4 will increase with the time of flight.After prolonged microwave radiation,the white blood cells,monocytes and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rats decreased with the increase of the power density.After low power density and short time microwave radiation,the immune globulin increased.The immune globulin decreased gradually with the increase of power density after long time and high power density of radiation.The spleens were obviously injured in the late stage.The degree of apoptosis of spleen increased with the increase of microwave density.The above changes were caused by microwave radiation.So we concluded that the main factor affecting the change of immune function in pilots was caused by microwave radiation.The possible mechanism may be related to apoptosis.