Effects Of Lead And Cadmium Co-exposure During Puberty And Early Adulthood On Hepatic And Renal Function In Mice

Objective To observe the effects of lead and cadmium co-exposure through drinking water during puberty and early adulthood on hepatic and renal function in male mice.Methods Healthy male ICR mice at 4 weeks were randomly divided into the control,lead,cadmium,lead plus cadmium group.There was 15 mice in each group.Mice in each group were exposed to pure water(reverse osmosis water),lead acetate solution(600 mg/L),cadmium chloride solution(100 mg/L),and the mixed solution including lead acetate and cadmium chloride(the concentration of cadmium chloride was 100mg/L and the concentration of lead acetate was 600 mg/L).After exposure of 40 days,blood was collected by removing eyeballs,and then mice were killed.The liver and kidney were detached and weighted.The organ coefficient of liver and kidney was counted.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,and serum creatinine(Cr)and urea nitrogen(BUN)content were detected.liver and kidney histological morphology was evaluated using H&E staining.Results Analysis of water quantity in mice showed that the control group(6.1 ± 0.2)ml/d,cadmium group(5.8 ± 0.4)ml/d,the lead group(6.6 ± 0.8)ml/d and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(6.2 ± 0.1)ml/d,The daily water consumption of mice in lead group were more than the control group(P<0.05),No significant difference in the daily water consumption of mice in control,cadmium and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(P>0.05).Analysis of the diet intake of mice showed that the control group(6 ± 0.2)g/d,cadmium group(5.6 ± 0.2)g/d,the lead group(5.7 ± 0.2)g/d and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(6.1 ± 0.6)g/d,The diet intake of mice in lead group were less than the control group(P<0.05),The diet intake of mice in cadmium group were less than the control group(P<0.01).Analysis of the body weight showed that there were no significant differences in body weight at 4 weeks,6 weeks,8 weeks and 10 weeks among the control,cadmium,lead and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group.Analysis of liver weight showed that the control(2.34 ± 0.23)g,cadmium(2.27 ±0.31)g,lead(2.23 ± 0.26)g and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(2.34 ± 0.18)g.No significant difference among the four groups.Analysis of the organ coefficient of liver showed that the control(0.057 ± 0.003),cadmium(0.055 ± 0.005),lead(0.055 ±0.004)and cadmium + lead group(0.056 + 0.003),No significant difference among the four groups.Analysis of kidney weight showed that the control(0.65 ± 0.09)g,cadmium(0.63 ± 0.08)g,lead(0.69 ± 0.07)g and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(0.72 ± 0.11)g,The kidney weight of mice in cadmium plus lead co-exposure group was significantly higher than the cadmium group(F=3.26,P<0.01),but no significant difference in mice kidney weight in the lead,cadmium and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group with the control group mice.Analysis of the organ coefficient of kidney showed that the control(0.016 ± 0.002),cadmium(0.015 ± 0.001),lead(0.016 ±0.005)and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(0.017 ± 0.002),No significant difference among the four groups.By detecting the serum alanine transferase(ALT)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in mice reflect the function of the hepatic of mice,analysis of ALT showed that the control(42 ± 30)U/L,cadmium(42.3 ± 33.2)U/L,lead(46.3 ± 29.9)U/L and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(37 ± 32.4)U/L,no significant difference amoge the four groups;analysis of ALP showed that the control(125 ± 80.2)U/L,cadmium(117.3 ± 100.1)U/L,lead(121.7 ± 86.4)U/L and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(134.3 ± 86.9)U/L,no significant difference amoge the four groups.By detecting the serum urea nitrogen(BUN)and creatinine(Cr)contents in mice reflect the function of the renal of mice,analysis of BUN showed that the control(3.7 ± 2.9)U/L,cadmium(4.1 ± 3.3)U/L,lead(8.7 ± 18.8)U/L and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(3.7 ± 3.2)U/L,no significant difference amoge the four groups;Cr analysis showed that the control(98.3 ± 36.5)?mol/L,cadmium(102.3 ± 32.6)?mol/L,lead(105.3 ± 69.2 ?mol/L)and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(74.3 ± 42.8)?mol/L,no significant difference amoge the four groups.UA analysis showed that the control(95.3 ± 36.4)?mol/L,cadmium(93.8 ± 57.6)?mol/L,lead(87.7 ± 34.5)?mol/L and cadmium plus lead co-exposure group(77.7 ± 21.8)?mol/L,The morphology of hepatic and renal in mice were no obvious abnormalities.Conclusion Under the experimental conditions,lead and cadmium co-exposure through drinking water during puberty and early adulthood does not cause dysfunction of liver and kidney in male mice.