Current Drinking Water Pollution Profile In Jiangsu Province Of China And Health Risk Assessment

Jiangsu province is located in the lower branches of Yangtze River,one of the important components of Yangtze Delta.However,the drinking water pollution crisis is expanding in recent years.Considering that routine monitoring merely focuses on traditional inorganic and microbial contaminants,the profile of exposome in drinking water remains unknown in this area.The present study chose four cities where drinking water were sourced from Yangtze River and Tai lake as objects,and collected tap water in representative area.After analysis of 153 inorganic and organic pollutants using exposomics combined chromatography and mass spectrometry technology,characteristics of pollutants in drinking water was explicit in this area.In the meanwhile,regional distribution characteristics was also obtained through summarizing other countries and districts related data which can be retrieved in database.Then,the “four steps” evaluation method recommended by US EPA was employed to pinpoint the risk characteristics of known contaminants,and evaluate the potential human health risk exposed to them through drinking water.Part I Drinking Water Pollution Profile in Jiangsu Province of ChinaObjective To comprehensively evaluate drinking water pollution profile in Jiangsu Province using ICP-MS and GC-MS/MS.Methods Drinking water samples were collected from 4 cities of Jiangsu Province,and 153 contaminants including organic compounds and inorganic elements were determined by optimal ICP-MS and GC-MS/MS method.After acquiring the pollution profile,we next compared the difference of the pollutants level between different sources of water.Finally,the distribution characteristics among other countries and region was obtained around the world through database searching.Results The result of instrument analysis showed that 66 chemicals with high detection rate were found in drinking water.Among these chemicals,the distribution of 22 compounds was obviously different between Yangtze River and Tai Lake.And the pollution level was heavier in Tai Lake than Yangtze River.When compared with other countries,we found that distribution of elements varied in different areas.Metal pollution of drinking water was serious in South America,Africa and Middle East area.No obvious difference of organic chemicals pollution around world was found in present study.Conclusion Profile of 153 pollutants were detected in 4 cities of Jiangsu province,all of which were found lower than the native drinking water standard.When comparing Yangtze river and Tai lake,it is clear that Yangtze river water was faced with less pollution than Tai lake.In the meanwhile,an obvious distribution difference were found in plenty of chemicals.Part II Study on the Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Pollution in Jiangsu ProvinceObjective To evaluate the risk characteristics and potential health risk of known pollutants to human beings in drinking water based on EPA method andMethods According to EPA guidelines on carcinogen risk assessment,human health risk assessment has four major steps: hazard identification,exposure assessment,toxicity assessment,and risk characterization.11non-carcinogenic and 2 carcinogenic compounds were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and crystal ball software.Then,adults exposure level of these chemicals and potential health risk was comprehensively assessed in Jiangsu province.Results The evaluation results showed that total health risk of 11 non-carcinogenic chemicals was 9.39E-3,and carcinogenic risk of 2 carcinogenic compounds was 8.00E-6.According to EPA related recommend value,the risks of target chemicals were both acceptable.Besides,sensitivity analysis found that exposure duration and ingestion rate were the most related factors to risk prediction.Boron and Arsenic were the most important factors to influence risk prediction among pollutants.Conclusion The levels of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic chemicals in drinking water were well tolerated.However,it is worthwhile to mention that Arsenic resulted in higher carcinogenic risk to human in this area.After sensitivity analysis,it was obvious that pollutants in drinking water were one of the most necessary factors to threat human health.Thereafter,it is of great significance to reduce water pollution.