Reorganization And Study On The Chidie Tablets Of Song Dynasty

There is one tradition to carve the official document on the tablets from Qin to Qing dynasty with no interrupt. During the Song dynasty, the quantity of chidie(池牒) tablets affords a magnificent view, which provides sufficent historical data to study. Chidie, a kind of official document, comed into being in the middle and latter periods of Tang dynasty, used by the central department to carry on the emperor’s command, deal with administrative affairs and give instructions. It is so long since the Song dynasty that the kept document scripts are extremely rare. At the same time, the tablets of official document partly preserve the original feature of the scripts, consequently known as zhunwenshu(准文书), appear to be especially significant.The Chapter One is "chidie and chidie tablets". Firstly, combing the evolution of the concept of chidie from the Tang to Yuan dynasty, which contains two lines, qualitative change and functional change, as a conclusion. Then selectively analyze the document style of the chidie in Song dynasty, mainly focussing on the sequence and signature of the prime ministers. In the end, naming the chidie tablets in the Jinshizhi(金石志), is lack of standard and inordinate. So it is necessary to emphasize the naming notations.The Chapter Two sketches out the overall situation of the chidie tablets of Song dynasty and discuss the difference of quantity and type along with the changes of time and region. At first, collect 114 chidie tablets of Song dynasty in total from the inscriptional literature in both ancient and modern times and on-the-spot investigation. Then make statistical charts of chidie tablets about the time and region, and further analyze the information in the charts.The Chapter Three forcuses on three steps, the form, issue and being carved on stones of chidie. The formation mode of chidie includes point-to-point, reaction and chain three patterns. The character of the first type is simple mechanism, usually chidie is promulgated centered on central policy or after the central or local officials’reports being passed. The reaction type is that local officials receive the central command, execute it and feed back the results to the center, then the national leadership promulgates chidie. The chain type is complex administrative pattern, involving the document transferring among the local governments of different levels and central department. Chidie is issued to the object through two types, fanlu(翻录) and lianlu(连录), resulting in that the object receives one duplicate or the original document. Finally, chidie is engraved on the tablets with utilitarian political intention. In the burring schedule, one phenomenon is prominent that quite lots of chidie documents are engraved in the later dynasties. It maybe show the effectiveness of document is continuous with dynastic changes.The Chapter Four is "between the scripts and tablets". Because of the infrequence of chidie scripts, the original feature is not complete. So, first section attempts to restore the original feature of chidie document through part of chidie tablets and the description about chidie in the historical record. In addition, there is another question that whether the original feature is exactly carved on the tablets in the burring schedule or not. Hence, the second section elaborates the chaning process that originally only words were engraved and gradually the original feature was kept. And then analyze the cause of changes.