1901-1911:The Change Of Officer Selecting In Late Qing Dynasty

During the reform period of late Qing dynasty,as the more and more closely contact with the world, it's office election concepts and requirements of talents has changed. At the same time, the way of choosing officers also changed, from the original imperial competitive examination to school education officers selecting system, returned oversea student officers selecting system, and member of parliament officers selecting system. In the late Qing dynasty social transition period, the new way of choosing officers as a new system, the whole process of the first set to put into practice and continuously revised and perfected during the practice is worth in-depth discussion and research for us. So, this paper's background based on the new policy of the late Qing dynasty(1901-1911), from the ideology level investigation to discuss the changes of election officials concept, from the reality discuss the factors of pushing the way of choosing officers to change, elaborate the new officials selecting system, make a conclusion of its peculiarity and the reflection to national business personnel structure and quality and the state administrative system and the later society. In this paper, the text part is divided into the following three aspects.The first part is about the background of the change of choosing officers system in the late Qing dynasty. From the ideology point of view, officials election concept had an important transformation, official employment standards encouraged officials learning and communication the new and the old. As a practical matter, ruler of the new demand of choose and employ persons, the development of the westernization movement and the alienation of the imperial examination system impeled the transformation of choosing officers system.The second part is about the change of the officials election mode. Mainly reflected in abolition of imperial examination system, the introduction of school education officials selecting system,returned(from abroad) student officials selecting system,and member of parliament officials selecting system.This new officials selecting system paid more attention to the candidate's new school education background, simplified the official sample program, test the candidate's professional skills,and in the process of implementing continuously perfect.The third part is about characteristics of the way of choosing officers and the historical influence. The biggest characteristic was officials selection employed toward specialization, the members of a bureaucracy changed from confucians to the learning background of the new official both in new and old. New record officials changed the structure of the national civil servants, their professionalism and good ability to reflect its advantage in practice. But new system of officials election made the Qing government lost major talent source of maintaining the feudal rule, its central authority was weakened further, made the bureaucracy team more Chaos and corruption, China's urban and rural areas gradually appeared the trend of separation,changed the social status of every class, finally shaken the feudal traditional culture represented by Confucianism, made the Qing government lost its ruling order's cultural foundation.