Study On Liang Shuming's Cultural Philosophy

This paper is about Liang Shuming's cultural philosophy, mainly including six chapters.The first chapter is an introduction to the reason of the topic, the significance, research review, research methods and innovation, etc.The second chapter is about the development process of Liang Shuming's cultural philosophy. With respect to perspective of human psychology, Liang emphasized consciousness in early stage, and he regarded it as self-interest, which was based on desire. And in later period he focused on instinct and impulse, which were viewed as the master behind consciousness. Liang Shuming's understanding of instinct is a kind of acquired norm and training of goodness, which is based on inborn generous nature, and then involuntary habit of goodness is shaped. Liang Shuming' thought changed three times utilitarianism in early stage, Buddhism in medium-term, and Confucianism in later stage.The third chapter discusses the ideological source of Liang Shuming's cultural philosophy. Liang Shuming's thought is from three sources: Confucianism, especially LU-WANG heartstudying, Buddhist reality, and Bergson's life philosophy.And the basic pattern and view of Liang Shuming's thought derive from LU-WANG heartstudying. He take Bergson's concept and theory, use methods of the consciousness-only, so as to explain his understanding of Confucianism and Confucius' attitude towards life, which is actually his own understanding of life.The fourth chapter illustrates Liang Shuming's theory of "three directions" of culture. Liang Shuming argues that culture is the lifestyle, and life is endless desire and satisfaction and dissatisfaction of desires. Desire occurs with life, and it is a kind of instinct, which is eternal and indivisible life impulse. Based on the above viewpoint, he divides western culture, Chinese culture, and Indian culture into forward, hold and backward according to the differences of desires. He opposes the mediation between Chinese culture and western culture, three main reasons can contribute to his theory, namely supporters who support the congruity theory do not know why should be that, three directions of culture own integrity themselves, and the procession of three directions of culture.The fifth chapter mainly studies Liang Shuming reflections on Chinese culture and his outlook on the developing tendency of the culture of the world. Liang Shuming argues that China's problem is "extremely serious imbalance in culture", that is to say “no order”. And the disease of Chinese culture is early-maturing so that it steps to the second road so early. He points out that advocating orientalizeation definitely does not refuse to westernization. And he advocates “fortitude” from Confucius so as to save Chinese culture. There are two meanings in “fortitude” : one is strong, two is unselfishness, and these correspond to his proposal about the road that China should walk at that time, that is to say all the road of combination of western culture after revising the attitude of Chinese culture and abandoning the attitude of western culture. At the same time, he also valued the rationality supremacist of Confucian, an his reason is a kind of moral regulations and practice, is the inheritance of traditional Confucianism. He put forward the theory of "the reappearance of the culture of the world in three periods" and thinks that the future world culture is the revival of Chinese culture.The remaining discussion mainly analyzes the dilemma of Liang Shuming's cultural philosophy. The dilemma of his theory is mainly composed of the following four factors: it dose not overstep LU-WANG heartstudying, the deviation in the understanding of human needs and the single line understanding of cultural development, shallow level understanding in western culture and the realizing research methods.