Corporation And Conflict: Marshall Mediation And Chinese Civil War

Before the end of Chinese-Japanese War, Yalta agreement and Chinese-Soviet alliance pushed the relationship of the USA and the Soviet Union to become complex and complicated in northeast China. Marshall was signed as a represent of the USA government and seek chance to mediate conflicts among the Chinese Communist Party(CCP), Chinese Nationalist Party(CNP), the USA and the Soviet Union(SU). Marshall went to China was generally regarded as a turning point of the sino-policy of the USA and promised to generate deep influence in the post-war global politics. Marshall Mediation is divided into two parts in the present work as corporation and conflict phases and we investigate the detailed variation of policies and corresponding actions among the four groups during his mediation in China. We illustrate the sino-policies of the USA and the SU and their implications in the final abrupt of Marshall Mediation and post-war politics.The paper consists of five parts and introduces the background, corporation and conflict, the final abruption of Marshall Mediation and its implications, respectively.Chapter 1 introduces the background of Marshall Mediation. The USA government needed to maintain its interests gained in Yalta agreement and to achieve its far-east threatens. The SU supported the CCP to secure its interests in far-east area. Jiang Jieshi, the head of CNP at that time, hated the actions of the SU and sought chance to take advantage of the US-Soviet conflicts. Because of the CCP-CNP tension activated since the failure of Hurley mediation, Marshall was welcomed by all four groups and their policies was adjusted in different degrees to prepare the coming change of sino-policy of the USA.Chapter 2 concerns the corporation phase during Marshall Mediation, especially the three agreements achieved during this phase. Marshall took advantage of the relaxation of CCP-CNP tension and their desire for time for final victory and required the mutual peace between CNP and CCP and his requirement leaded to the final agreement between CNP and CCP in ceasefire and rearrangement of military forces and politics communication mechanism establishment. This compliance led to the temporal stabilization of domestic conflicts between CNP and CCP.Chapter three illustrates the conflict phase of Marshall Mediation, i.e. the conflicts in northeast China, especially the wars in Yingkou, Siping, Changchun and ceasefire. The conflict in northeast China was complex and difficult to reach agreement and thus unavoidably led to the increased tension between the USA and the SU. The failure of Marshall Mediation formed the foundation of cold war in post-war period.Chapter 4 analyzed the reasons why the mediation failed. Marshall Mediation failure is intrinsically the failure of sino-policies of the USA. The failure had its source in the realities of Chinese politics traditions and the variation within the USA government. We mainly concern the contradictions within the sino-policies of the USA government, the initialization of USA-SU cold war, the anti-communist consciousness and the deviation of Marshall Mediation Plan from Chinese Civil War realities.In Chapter 5, we analyzed the implications of Marshall Mediation in China development and international relations. Whereas the corporation phase delayed the fire-up of CCP-CNP conflict, the conflict phase induced the start of Chinese Civil War. The failure led to the sino-policy deviation and SU-policy of the USA turned to the cold war, which have significant influence on the post-war international relationships.The failure of the Marshall Mediation indicates the temporal peace achieved between the USA and the SU is unstable and destined to go to conflict. With the sharpening of the interests in northeast China, Chinese Civil War accelerated the USA-SU tension and led to the long-term post-war confliction. The history of Marshall Mediation may supply some beneficial views for us today.