The Cognitive Training System For People Doing Confidential Work In Armed Force Were Built And Evaluated

In 1947, the American psychologist Hebb presented the theory of enriched environment [1-2], stating that a vaster, changeable and interactive environment plays an important role in mental development. In 1954, Mc Gill University did the first "sensory deprivation" experiment and discovered that the development of brain and human being is based on the extensive contacts with the external environment. These two experiments are the pros and cons to prove that human being achieves better development through social contact and feeling more connected with the outside world. Enriched and changeable environmental stimulation is indispensable for the survival and development of a living body, continuous stimulation from the outside world is needed to keep mental and physical health, technically, this is of significant importance for people working in special environment.Confidential work is a very special position which requires special ability for people dealing with it. They work in a relatively small and closed space with little change in stuff and working procedures, minimal number of people and very little exchange with the outside world, which inevitably brings negative effects for people working on this particular position. How to lower the impact caused by the special nature of this occupation? This is a problem worthy to be discussed. The application of neural plasticity theory in rehabilitation medicine, the application of brain plasticity theory in education world, the studies on intervention in cognitive plasticity theory for cognitive impairment caused by aging provides theoretical and practical support for cognitive training. The study improves the cognitive abilities of people doing confidential work in armed force, reduce the negative impact caused by the special nature of confidential work and improve efficiency of the brain through computerized cognitive training, the results are listed below:1. Analyze the competence of people doing confidential work in armed force. Experts and ordinary personnel listed six important abilities involved in confidential work, namely: memory, trouble shooting, oral expression, articulating, concentration and rapid integration abilities. The basic cognitive abilities required accordingly are working memory, attention, problem solving, flexibility and cognitive speed. Based on these five basic cognitive abilities, five modules were built in the cognitive training system for people doing confidential work in armed force.2. Select five classic cognitive tests and compile them into a computer game, establish the cognitive training system based on the computer game and test its the reliability and validity. After 6 weeks the result shows that the test-retest reliability of the five tasks was 0.723, 0.696, 0.884, 0.66, 0.627, reflecting good test-retest reliability of each training mission. Criterion validity tests, taking Wechsler Intelligence Scale(Urban Edition) revised by Gong Yaoxian as a standard, inspect the relativity of test scores between Wechsler intelligence and five computer games, among which, color matching is significantly related with picture arrangement(r=0.528, p<0.01); Schulte grid with block design(r=-0.405, p<0.05); sorting out into categories with knowledge(r=0.434, p<0.05), understanding(r=0.359, p<0.05), similarity(r=0.419, p<0.05) and vocabulary(r=0.401, p<0.05); sharp-sighted and quick moving of hands with digital sign(r=-0.545, p<0.01); photographic memory with knowledge(r=0.512, p<0.01), understanding(r=0.481, p<0.01), similarity(r=0.683, p<0.01), digital span(r=0.405, p<0.05) and graphics patchwork(r=0.457, p<0.01). The result shows that the computer game designed for this study remains consistent with the theory of Wechsler Intelligence Scale, which provides sufficient evidence to the criterion validity for the cognitive training system.3. Evaluate the training results. In the study on previous works for cognitive training, while providing cognitive intervention for cognitive disorders caused by brain damage and mental illness, the quick restoration of cognitive function has been proved. However, very few studies were carried out to research cognitive training for healthy adults, even the existing research is controversial, is cognitive training valid for healthy adults? An experiment on people doing confidential work in armed force shows that after two weeks of training, the four test scores of experimental group were significantly different before and after the training compared to control group, among which, quick color matching F(1,31) = 14.63, p <0.01; Schulte grid F(1,31) = 10.87, p <0.01; sharp-sighted and quick moving of hands F(1,31) =6.09, p <0.05; photographic memory F(1,31) = 18.87, p <0.001; and no significant difference on sorting out into categories. There is also significant difference on Raven test before and after the training F(1,31) = 23.45, p <0.001. Cognitive training showing that performance can increase and transfer of this learning to fluid intelligence.In the works on existing cognitive training for healthy adults, there are different views on the importance of time duration and training period. Some studies show that the longer the training the better the results, others show that the training period is better to be as long as possible. Which is more important in improving training results? Time duration or training period? The experiment on people doing confidential work in armed force shows that the time duration of training(25 minutes, 40 minutes) does not cause significant difference in cognitive test scores before and after the training, regarding training period(two weeks, three weeks), working memory of the personnel before and after training has significant difference F(1,30)=17.75, p < 0.001, attention of the personnel before and after training has significant difference F(1,30)=6.17, p <0.05, Fluid intelligence test scores have significant differences F(1,30)=8.51, p < 0.01, and no significant difference in other results. Don't make significant difference, according to the results of short-term classification. Best advice every time training time shoulds not be too long, to continue.