| Hanyang Museum provides valuable information for us to study Han Dynasty relics. In order to avoid the effects of natural weathering, the corrosive effect of physical and chemical, Hanyang Museum excavations has been adopted fully enclosed protective measures once excavationed. Showrooms use special glass separated the Museum from external environment. The new protective material can maintain a constant temperature and humidity, and alleviate the ultraviolet radiation pollutants to a large extent as well as the damage caused by tourists.In order to find out the change regularity of different microorganism, we collected and analysed samples in different closed environments and non-enclosed environment in autumn season for 5 months. With experimental data, we found out the change regularity of the concentration and kinds of mold in closed environment, we also found out concentration difference of mold and diversity of soil between non-closed environment and the closed environment, at last we gave opinions and suggestions on protection of Hanyang Museum cultural relics from the point of biological.This study was carried out in three aspects.(1) Using natural gravity settling method to collect air samples from a closed glass house #13 and #20 & #17 glass house, non-enclosed environment (entrance, aisle). By counting culturable fungi, physiological and biochemical isolation and identification of the dominant strains, the results showed that the concentration and species of mold in the open environment did not change significantly over time, and in a lower concentration, the average concentrations of mold are 680.95 cfu/m3,601.67 cfu/m3 respectively of entrance and aisle. The concentration of mold in a closed environment showed that the environmental impact is relatively large and the trend is not obvious; the species are single in the winter in a closed environment, but higher concentrations. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus oryzae can be cultured dominant bacteria mainly in the air samples.(2) Collecting the soil sample from the glass house on the 13th,# 17& #20glass house, and external soil sampling sites, the results showed that external concentration and type of soil fungi were significantly higher than the soil samples in closed environment, the concentration of soil sample on the 13th Glasshouse two sampling sites in January is lowest, the remaining time of concentration is relatively constant, and higher than #20 & #17 points; concentration significantly reduce in the winter of #20th & #17th glassroom, minimum respectively 208.75cfu/g,122.63cfu/g. Molecular identification of fungi that can be cultivated include:Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oiyzae.Finally, the soil structure of community about #13,#20, and external environment were analyzed. Results showed that community diversity is relatively low on the 20th glass house, Rhizopus (81.25%), Pleosporales (12.3%) are the dominant species in the closed environment of 20th glass house, accounting for more than 90% of all species; Rhizopus (33.94%), Alternaria (3.38%), Pleosporales (11.42%), Aspergillus (10.32%). Penicillium (4.1%) are larger proportion in closed environment of #13 glass house; open environment has been classified in the genus Rhizopus (2.69%), Alternaria (4.61%), Pleosporales (19.1%), Aspergillus (1.18%), Mortierella (7.98%), Fusarium (3.07%) was the dominant species. Heatmap distance indicates that the sample in #20 and #13 differences is small, but far from the soil of outside environment.Closed environment has a significant impact on the type, quantity and microbial structure of community. The mold counts and types different from each other in the closed environment because of the constant temperature and humidity. For this phenomenon, the proposed measures is to reduce the temperature and relative humidity in #13th glass house, and sterilization measures may be appropriate for some of the dominant bacteria. |
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