Effects Of Retrieval On Delayed Judgement Of Learning:Evidence From Event-Related Potentials

As a form of metamemory monitoring,Judgements of learning(JOLs)are predictions of the likelihood of remembering studied material on a future test.The study found that the relative accuracy was higher for delayed JOLs than immediate JOLs(Nelson & Dunlosky,1991).A lot of researchers called it delayed-JOL effect.Because of its important applications in education,JOLs have been extensively studied by psychologists.Many scientists advanced various theories to explain delayed-JOL effect,but there is no agreed conclusion.And little is known about the cognitive processes of delayed JOLs.This study investigated the cognitive processes of delayed JOLs by two experiments.Experiment 1 explored effects of limited time on delayed JOLs.The results showed that the RT is higher for unspeeded JOLs than speeded JOLs.But there was no difference between two groups on levels of judgements and memory performance because speeded JOLs didn't change the processes of retrieval or judgements.Experiment 2 explored the neural and cognitive bases of four levels of delayed JOLs by using Event-Related Potentials(ERPs).The results showed that there was significant difference between high JOLs and low JOLs from 400 to 600 ms and from 800 to 1200 ms.It indicated that delayed JOLs involved two stages.Early old/new effect reflected the recognition of the cue.Late old/new effect at right mid-frontal area reflected evaluation stage behind the retrieval.