| After the concept of working memory was put forward,some theoretical models of working memory were set up soon.Working memory has gradually attracted the attention of psychologists,and has become a hot topic in the field of psychology.Subsequently,the researchers used different technologies and methods to show that working memory is closely related to people's life from different angles,especially on human cognitive activities.With the upsurge of working memory research,in recent years,the research in the field of long-term memory has shifted to working memory.It is found that there are forgetting phenomena such as false memory,directed forgetting,retrieval induced forgetting in working memory.Some studies have also found that working memory and long memory tasks have a common brain area activation.It is also a kind of forgetting phenomenon that some cues have a disturbance to the memory performance.When we present some cues in the long term memory retrieval stage,the part-list cueing would appear.How do some cues affect the memory retrieval in the working memory retrieval stage? Therefore,this study uses behavior and ERP studies to explore the effect of some cues in the stage of working memory extraction.Three behavioral experiments were included in study one,this study referenced the classical paradigm of the part-list cuing effect in long term memory and adopts category-sample words as stimulus.In Experiment 1,the samples presented in the cue stage were from the study phase;In Experiment 2,the cue trials and uncue trials were presented in a pseudo-random order.And in Experiment 3,the cues were new sample that belonged to the same category.The cue trails and uncue trails in Experiment 1 and Experiment 3 were presented in a block way.The accuracy and reaction time were chosen as statistical indexes.The results show that:(1)The part-list cuing effect exists in working memory,intra-list cues and extra-list cues are interference with the recognition results(2)The part-list cuing effect still exist when the trials are mixed,which illustrates the cuing effect in working memory may be not related to the way of trial presentation.One 64-channel ERP was included in study two,the experimental paradigm is the same as experiment 1.The experimental design is single factor and three level(part-list,no part-list,extra-list).The changes in brain waves of new and old items were recorded under different cue conditions.It was found that there were typical FN400 o1d-new effect in 300-500 ms,but there was a reversal LPC o1d-new effect in 500-700 ms among the three different cue conditions in the retrieval stage.By comparing the difference of FN400 o1d-new effect and LPC o1d-new effect in three different cue conditions.We found extra-list cues had significant differences of no part-list in FN400 o1d-new effect;extra-list cues had significant differences of part-list in FN400 o1d-new effect;extra-list cues had no significant differences of part-list in FN400 o1d-new effect.The difference of LPC o1d-new effect in three different cue conditions had no significant differences.Combining with the results of behavioral and ERP studies,the conclusion were as follows:(1)The part-list cuing effect exists in working memory,intra-list cues and extra-list cues are interference with the recognition results.In the judgment of new and old tasks,the presentation of some cues affects the time process of the old-new effects of FN400 and the old-new effect of LPC.(2)The results of this study imply that the cue trials and uncue trials were presented in a pseudo-random order were interference with the recognition results.The presentation way of trials is not a boundary condition for part-list cuing effect in working memory.(3)While the extra-list cues is interference with the recognition results.Partial results provide evidence for the retrieval inhibition hypothesis. |
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