The Research Of The Palace Examinations In Qianlong Dynasty

As a dynasty of having the most numerous Palace Examination and enrollment,Qianlong Dynasty held Palace Examination 27 times and took civil Jinshi 5384 during its reign of 60 years.Rich in content and closely contacting with social reality,the examination included ruling policy,official behaviors,custom and livelihood of people,canal transportation with its' official,Confucianism,scholars' custom,compilation of books,border defense of military,and particularly focused on Confucianism,livelihoods and custom with the format of "Cewen".Its function were both assessing GongShi by the academic level of history and seeking good strategies for social governance.In addition,the examination had characteristics of lasting and practical,changing over time,and advocating Confucianism.The main standard of Palace Examination was knowledge level,involving handwriting,the will of emperor and other factors as well.Although the candidates presented their talents to the problem and stated strategy of governance,there were drawbacks such as stylization,flattery,indulging in empty talks and so on.Most of the Jinshi selected by final imperial examination could be incorruptible and prudent when they became a government official,which reflected by the political experience of the firsts of each examination,with a group of clean government and Confucian scholar emerged.Embodying the focus of society and governance,"Cewen" and candidates'countermeasures of Qianlong Dynasty reflected the interaction between the highest grade examination and social situation in a period.In a word,it selected qualified personnel and demonstrated scholars' social responsibility at same time.