Cultural Value Orientation And Its Relationship With Psychological Well-being In Chinese Youth

Objective:There are three aims of this study:1.To revise the Chinese cultural value orientation scale(CVO),for objective evaluation the cultural values of the Chinese provides a quantitative tools.2.To compare the similarities and differences in cultural value orientation(CVO)and traditional family values between teenagers and elders and between urban and rural populations.3.To explore the relationship between cultural value orientation and psychological well-beings,and to verify the mediating role of family function and social support in the influence of familism on psychology health.Methods:Using questionnaire to survey different populations:Sample 1:Using the self-designed questionnaire for general condition,the horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism scale(HVCI),and cultural value orientation(CVO)to investigate 938 college students(440)and high school students(498).From Shandong,Henan,Anhui,Zhejiang and other provinces.The range of students age 16-25,458 are male and 480 are female,the only-child 472 and the multi-child 466,403 people from the city and 535 people from the countryside.Sample2:Using GHQ-28,CVO,family value questionnaire,Index of Well-Being scale(IWB),Family Assessment Device(FAD),and Perceived social support scale(PSSS)to investigate college students in Jinan(N=436).Including 111 freshmen.266 sophomores and 59 junior students.The range of students age 19-25,213 males and 223 females,the only-child 190 and the multi-child 246,177 people from the city and 259 people from the countryside.At the same time,192 elders completed the CVO and family value questionnaires.Among them 93 males and 99 females,age ranging from 35 to 56.Level of educational background is junior high school degree and below(60),high school degree(63),university degree(61),master degree(3),doctor's degree(5).SPSS 19.Oand AMOS20.0 were used for all the statistical analyses performed.Results:1.The results indicated that the Chinese version CVO has appropriate reliability and validity in Chinese youth.The CFA model's RMSEA indices are 0.04,0.03 and 0.05 respectively(?0.05).The Cronbach's a coefficient for the overall scale is 0.89,and for familism,individualism and collectivism subscales are 0.88,0.73,and 0.84,respectively.2.The Chinese youth CVO levels in this study are:Familism(4.16±0.51),Collectivism(3.70±0.47)and the Individualism(3.41 ±0.43)in turn.And young people have a high level in familial responsibility(3.50±0.82)and filial piety(3.88±0.67),while have a low level of worry about children(2.32±0.69).General conditions of Chinese youth CVO and family values Gender difference:the level of familism of woman significantly higher than man,while the familial responsibility is significantly lower than man;Only-child/multi-child:the level of individualism of only-child significantly higher than multi-child,while the filial piety is significantly lower than multi-child;3.Cultural transition may change the culture value orientation and family values of youth;this is manifested in the differences between urban and rural areas and across generations.Specifically,the collectivism,filial piety,worry about children and familial responsibility are significantly lower compared to their parental generations.And there is no significant difference in individualism,and familism.At the same time the level of individualism,worry about children in urban youth is significantly higher than the rural youth,while the filial piety level is significantly lower than the rural youth.4.Familism is positively correlated with the Index of Well-Being.Self-Esteem and negatively correlated with the total score of the general health.While individualism and collectivism have significant positive correlation with Index of Well-Being and Self-Esteem;the hierarchical regression analysis showed that familism is significant predictive the general health,Index of Well-Being and Self-Esteem;while collectivism and individualism are significant predictive the Index of Well-Being and Self-Esteem.Structural equation model has verified the effect of familism on psychological health was totally mediated by family function and social support.Conclusion:1.The CVO has good reality and validity in Chinese youth.It can be used to measure individualism,collectivism,and familism.2.Social culture transition has significantly affected the culture value orientation and family values of contemporary young,as indicated by the differences between the urban and rural areas,as well as across generations.Youth are significant lower in collectivism,family responsibility,worry about children,and filial piety compared with their parents.And urban and rural youth are significant differences in individualism and filial piety.3.The familism can promote individual psychology health(the general health,Index of Well-Being.self-Esteem);however individualism and collectivism also have contributory effect to Index of Well-Being and Self-Esteem.And the effect of familism on psychological health was totally mediated by family function and social support.