A Study On The Relationship Between Country Officials And Land Survey In The Song Dynasty

In the Song Dynasty,the role of land as a basis for taxation has become increasingly prominent,resulting in the phenomenon of a serious hidden field acres,and resulting in the problem of uneven taxation increasingly prominent.In view of this,the Song Dynasty repeated the implementation of land survey.County officials in the land survey bear a different responsibility.During the Northern Song Dynasty,the township officials were mainly responsible for the land conjecture and the calculation of the area of land.In the Southern Song Dynasty,the township officials were required to bear the land conjecture and the land area of the production tax conversion calculation.County officials in the land is responsible for guiding the supervision of the township officials in the specific operation.In the Northern Song Dynasty,it is necessary to verify the land area and the converted production tax.To the Southern Song Dynasty,if the township people can not complete the conversion of land area tax calculation,county officials will bear the work.The co-operation between the county and township officials is an important guarantee for the completion of the land,and at the same time they will collusion and use their duties to practice favoritism.Song Dynasty land survey has its usual methods and techniques.In the Fangtianfa,first thousand steps as a generous,and then a hundred steps for a small land.Each square land is marked with different sizes,and the measurement technique of the square field is derived from 'calculating the length,and then dividing the land'in the ancient Chinese painting.In the Jingjiefa,the executor needs to cut the land into a variety of existing methods of calculation of the terrain to be measured,respectively calculates each block area,and finally adds them.Compared with the Northern Song Dynasty,the Southern Song Dynasty on the management of the land showed the trend of increasingly tightening and refinement.In the calculation of the land area,the Song Dynasty mainly uses the method in the 'nine chapters of arithmetic'.In the calculation of production tax,the tax burden will be shared according to the land of the barren level,and the calculation method from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song does not change.The professional ethics of the county and township officials in the Song Dynasty is not high.On the one hand,the county and township officials can not balance the input and return of the land survey.On the other hand,they also have a different amount of land,coupled with the human society in the intertwined relationship.Once their interests are relevant,they will be very hard to be responsible.At the level of vocational skills,effected by the level of education development and the level of education at all levels in the two Song Dynasty,some local county and township officials may not have the necessary capacity to calculate the land.In short,the Song Dynasty county and township officials can not be into the land survey by a higher professional quality.This has a direct impact on the accuracy of land data,and thus affects the effectiveness of land survey.