The Spread And Applications Of Foreign Goods In The Middle And Later Of Ming Dynasty

Following the Age of Discovery,Western countries and China began to launch a large-scale exchange of material and cultural collisions.Varity of trade were divided into firearms,crops,spices,drugs,books,arts and utensils.They had been developed since introduced into China,and the Chinese society had been influenced and benefit by crops production.Meanwhile,firearms and scientific instruments contains the essence of Western science and philosophy,reflecting western civilization progress.During that period,Chinese wisely and selectively accepted the foreign goods,adopt an open and inclusive attitude.In the late Ming,Western production limited introduced into the society of Ming dynasty,However,China was still an open country,not refused and closed to the Foreigners.It never really cut off contact with the outside world,to some extent China remarkable influenced by Western.Therefore,it should have recognized the openness of the society of the Ming and Qing dynasty,but such openness was bound to be limited,because imperial system itself on the community's strong control desire,and many other reasons such as internal political,economic and cultural characteristics.The limited open went through that period,is the basic attitude of Ming dynasty.Such gesture was reflected both the social development of the non-local product demand of the Ming dynasty,and imperial system itself on the community's strong desire to control.In this dissertation,Chapter 1 is an introduction of the background of the domestic and international environment when foreign objects were introduced in China.Chapter 2 is an introduction of exotic firearms and their subsequent improvement,and points out that the lack of experimental scientific core of institutional shortcomings.Chapter 3 introduces the incoming and development of foreign crops,restoring their status in social life at that time.Chapter 4 introduces the types,sources of exotic spices and drugs.Chapter 5 describes the different types of Western books and maps,and introduces the clear differences between these types in the process of spreading.Chapter 6 is an introduction of foreign art just like musical instruments and paintings,points out that although they cannot be completely rocked China's traditional musical instrument of dominance and painting techniques,but they enrich the content of the traditional arts.Chapter 7 introduces some foreign product like glasses and other glass products and points out it is generally ignored their practical and underlying value.Chapter 8 summarizes the research,summarizes the attitude of the middle and later periods of Ming society for foreign objects.