From The Research On Ideology To The Critical Theory Of Thechnology

Since the twentieth century,technology is developing rapidly and is widely used in production and life.On the one hand,people rely on and enjoy the results of technological development;But on the other hand,the development of technology makes people feel concerned.Does the development of technology make a control over human beings? Can technology develop in a more scientific and rational way?As the most radical philosopher of the Frankfurt School,Marcuse made a comprehensive,systematic and profound critique of the developed industrial society.In his view,technology in the developed industrial society has become a tool of totalitarian rule so that the whole society into a one-dimensional society.Marcuse believed that the root cause of this phenomenon is that human instincts have been suppressed,so he called for the realization of human liberation.But in the end,he tried to achieve human liberation through the aesthetic field,which made him fall into the aesthetic utopia.As a representative of the new generation of Frankfurt School,Feenberg inherited the critical tradition of the Frankfurt School.He criticized the traditional view of the nature of technology,proposed a two-level instrument theory and used the overall method of the system,which are aimed at achieving the goal of technological democratization.Based on the basic positions,ideas and methods of Marxism,Marcuse's research on developed industrial social ideology and Feenberg's theory of technical criticism were analyzed and compared in this paper,which not only enriches the Marxist view of science and technology,but also provides an important reference to China's development and construction.Specifically,this article mainly consists of thefollowing six aspects:The first part is the introduction of the article,which discusses the background and significance of the paper,summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign research,clarifies the ideas and methods of the paper and the goal of writing the paper and discusses the innovation and shortcomings of the paper briefly.The second part is the theory " Research on Social Ideology of Developed Industry" by Marcuse.The article first analyzes the background of the Marcuse's theory,including the factors of the times and the ideas of Marx,Heidegger,Hegel,Freud,and others,have had more or less influence in the formation of Marcuse's theory.The article also analyzes the main contents of Marcuse 's theory of ideological criticism,that is the criticism of developed industrial social technology,to achieve the liberation of human instinct,fallling into the aesthetic utopia three main aspects and other.Finally,the article makes an objective evaluation of the contributions and limitations of Marcuse's theory.The third part of the study is Feenberg's "critical theory of technology".It first analyzes the emergence of Feenberg's theory which including the influence of the times,the scientific spirit and the humanistic care of his father,Marx and Marcuse's thoughts.The article also discusses the content of Feenberg 's theory of technical criticism.Finally,the pros and cons of Feenberg's theory were evaluated objectively.The fourth part is that Feenberg developed the idea of Marcuse,which compares the ideas of the two philosophers based on the study of part II and Part III,discovering that Feenberg inherited and developed the theory of Marcuse.The fifth part discussed the value of critical theory of technology in modern society,which has both rich theoretical value and important practical significance.The last part is the conclusion of the article.The author clarifies the context of this article once again,summes up the main content of theory of Marcuse and the Feenberg,so that makes the study of this article more sense.