The Construction Of The Baoding Defense System And Consists In The Secondary Defense System In The Ming Dynasty

The most important things for the Ming Dynasty about the border defense operations is that the long northern frontier on land,and the nine key frontier defense stronghold was the top priority options for the Ming Dynasty through the whole northern defense system.In fact,the northern defense system not only consists of the nine military stronghold,but always presented the inside and the outside defense system in the Ming Dynasty.The outside border defense system also known as the forward defense system,Which always consists of all the nine military stronghold that usually been used to structured the advanced position to prevent the invasion that come from the northern area.The inside border defense system was also known as the secondary defense system,which consists of the long distance about thousands miles of the border and the defense system come from the west of the Ningwu Pass and the Yanmen Pass in Shanxi province,and across the Daorna Pass and the Zijing Pass in the middle section through the north Zhili,and finally arrived in the east of the Baiyang Pass and the Juyong Pass in Beijing.Baoding is set plumb in the middle section of the secondary defense system,and Baoding always been used as a key role in communication between the eastern regions and the western regions of the secondary defense system in the Ming Dynasty.Therefore,the construction of the secondary defense system in Baoding could largely reflect the defense strategy and the ideas about the specific application of the secondary defense system in the Ming Dynasty.However,the secondary defense system does not presented from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,it has gone through a very long process of production and development.Throughout the Ming Dynasty,the development of the secondary defense system in Baoding has gone through four stages.The first phase was began from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the early period of the Yongle.Because the capital of the Ming Dynasty was located in southern Nanjing,and the understanding of the importance of the defense system in the northern regions was not really enough.And for a long time,the offensive strategy pursued by the Ming Dynasty usually operated somewhere outside of the border regions.Therefore,Baoding was not the priority options in the construction of the northern defense system,and the border defense operations in Baoding always depended on the alternate service of the garrison stations from the neighbours and to built many defenses around the Baoding mountains.Generally,the secondary defense system always been used as a hidden line in this period.The second phase was from the early period of the Yongle to the Tumu Crisis.During the time,the Daning regional military commission moved to Baoding area,there have been serious negative effect on the northern border defense system in the early period.But from another point of view,this measure also shows that the ruler has begun to recognized the value of the secondary defense system and the real beginning of construction of the defense system in Baoding area.The built of the Baoding five garrison stations usually put a fact that the formal emergence of troops stationed at Baoding,and really as the important symbol of the secondary defense system carried on the right track.After this time,Because of the nine military towns on the outside defense system always not been able to undertake all the defense duties alone,the Ming government began to pay attention to the secondary defense system constantly.In this period,many garrison stations in residence and the mutual support and assistance across the secondary defense system in Baoding regions always been used to as the main operational pattern.The imperial guards and the militia also began to participate in the military operations under the secondary defense system.In addition,The regular dispatch of the patrol officers and the power enhancement of the military officers also as the main current of the secondary defense system in Baoding region in this period.Thus,this period is the initial stage of the secondary defense system constructed in Baoding.The secondary defense system was becoming more and more perfect,and all the construction of the army and the defense facilities followed an established plan.The third phase was the period of the formal formation of the secondary defense system in Baoding,and the main symbol is that Baoding ultimately became the impotant military town around the whole secondary defense system in the period of Jiajing.Within the secondary defense system in Baoding,through a series of military officials adjustment.At first,after the presentation of the relationship between the military officials under the secondary defense system,and all the troops stationed in the secondary defense system in Baoding with the high-level management and clear relationships followed the establishment of the commander who represented for the whole troop in Baoding.At the same time,strategic ties between the cities south of Beijing were becoming increasingly tight that lay the foundation for the stronghold included Baoding in the course of supporting the secondary defense system.The establishment of the commander in Baoding as the symbol that Baoding has became the northern important stronghold.More importantly,all the strongholds around the secondary defense system has been established,and these also shows that the secondary defense system was finally done.In late,with the transfer of external pressure and the traditional threats disappeared,the secondary defense system in Baoding has been ready to undertook the strategic mission about defending Beijing and supporting Ji-Liao regions and gradually became an important part of the defense system for Beijing and Ji-Liao.In sum,all the officials appointment of the civil and the military has formed a custom,and the troops has growing strong and involved in the defense mission in the second defense system in Baoding widely and formed a complete system of mutual support and assisstance.Therefore,Baoding actually became the important military town and the core of the secondary defense system has been guaranteed in the Ming dynasty.The fourth stage was the development and evolution of the secondary defense system in Baoding.This stage began roughly from the period of the Longqing and the Wanli,the military activities around the secondary defense system in Baoding mainly support the Ji-Liao regions,and some of the original functions changed with the partial adjustment in the second defense system,which always caused by the weakening of the traditional defensive pressure from the north and the new great military threat moved to the east area.After a series of changes in the late Ming Dynasty,the strength of the secondary defense system in Baoding has effectively declined when the defense system always been attached to the Ji-Liao regions,and this trend ran through the whole development of the northern defense system in the late Ming Dynasty.To the end of the Ming,because of the impact of the peasant army,the final disintegration of the secondary defense system with the defences in Baoding suffered damage.