| Chongqing has an unique geographical environment,which was known as the "mountain city".The traditional overland vehicles include sedan chair,slide and other major transports.Chongqing is the intersection of the Yangtze river and Jialing river.the city's water transportation is mainly dependent on wooden boat before the ferry appears.However,there are many risks by wooden boat.It frequently occurred that the boats sank.The new type of water traffic tools is appeared in the river as a result of the continually expansion of the city,the construction of roads,terminal management and waterway regulation.As for the emergence of ferry,there is no doubt that Chongqing citizens think it is a safer and more efficient new tools to cross the river.Chongqing ferry is actually developed on the basis of the wooden boat.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the National Government moved the capital to Chongqing.Many government agencies,schools and factories have moved to Chongqing.Many refugees fled from downstream along the Yangtze river and moved to Chongqing.Therefore,Chongqing has a huge increase in population and its city expands continually.Its political and economic status is also rising rapidly.In January,1938,Chongqing had officially started first ferry routes from Zhu Qimen to Hai Tangxi.In October,1938,Chongqing ferry co.,LTD was formally established,which marked that the ferry business gradually developed in the city of Chongqing.During the Anti-Japanese War,there were two companies to manage ferry in Chongqing.One is Chongqing ferry co.,LTD.,established in 1938.The other is Chongqing ferry companies established in October 1944.The latter one began to come into service in 1945,so the Chongqing city ferry career development mainly depended on Chongqing ferry co.,LTD as the main line.Chongqing ferry encountered on the big bombing by Japanese plane in the flourishing development.There was no doubt that it suffered the disaster and losses from the big bombing.However,the Chongqing ferry business survived and developed in such bad condition.At the same time,Chongqing had opened many ferry routes in the war,which linked like these cities,south bank and Jiang Bei more closely.It was convenient for citizens to cross the river.In the process of development,Chongqing ferry companies gradually improve the company's organization system and a clear division of responsibilities,so they effectively improve the work efficiency.Ferry rules also have specific provision.The ticketing system formulation,the management of ships,the attention on the safety of ferry and the management of government are the indispensable factors for ferry career development.But in the process of development,there are many limitations.In the beginning of the ferry company,there are people who set sail for a living to block the operation of ships.Due to weather or the negligence of staff,accidents are occurred.It is completely eliminated that people who sell tickets are fraud.All these factors affect the ferry's fiscal income.After that because of rising prices,the increase of tickets is far less than that of the goods.After 1941,ferry companies appear loss phenomenon.So the government give appropriate subsidies.In order to save money,ferry companies formulate measurement for bonuses,which deal with the fiscal problems to some extent.The valuable and meaningful thing is that ferry business makes great contribution for the Anti-Japanese War.It becomes the Chongqing urban public utilities so as to provide the necessities for the citizens of the Yuzhong peninsula,northern river and south bank of Chongqing.It promotes not only the perfection of the Chongqing municipal construction,but also the modernization and urbanization of Chongqing.In the war,it shoulders the task of conveying refugees.It is praised by people because it delivers the citizens for free.The emerging of career has made an important contribution to anti-Japanese because of its unique advantages. |
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