Cicero And The Clique Struggle At The End Of The Roman Republic

Marcus Tullius Cicero was a famous politician of the late Roman Republic.Cicero live in the era of Roman social turmoil,a variety of political forces game battle,checks and balances,frequent factional struggle.Clique Struggle at the end of the Roman Republic showed fight for power bewteen Sentor optimates sticking to the traditional republican politics and extreme populares requiring reform.Cicero who represents aristocratic interests tried to maintain the traditional system of the Republic.However,the occurrence of Catiline's conspiracy,The First Triumvirate confrontation with the Senate,Caesar and Pompeii's civil war and dictatorship,and ruling of The Second Triumvirate,those were violent impacted and shocked the traditional Republican system.In order to maintain him political ideals and traditional Republican system,Cicero was inevitably involved in this factional struggle and struggled for it,culminating in his tragic end.This paper is divided into three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The text is divided into five chapters to discuss Cicero's actions and influences of in the clique struggle at the end of the Roman Republic.Part?:Introduction to the situation of the Roman Republican the clique struggle.The Roman ruling class formed two cliques of populares and optimates at the end of the Roman Republic.The optimates represented the traditional conservative forces,insisting on maintaining the traditional ruler of the nobility.The populares wanted to fight against the traditional Republican system with the power of civilians and the confrontation with the nobility.After Graham Brothers Reform,populares and optimates between the fighting constantly,frequent clique struggles have accelerated the process of transition from the Republic to the Eempire in Rome.As an active activist of Roman politics at this time,Cicero personally experienced and participated in these struggles and played an important role.Part?: Discussion on the important role of Cicero defeating Catiline ' s conspiracy.Cicero,who was born in the knighthood,was promoted to the Roman consul as a "novus homo" in accordance with the traditional promotion system of the Roman Republic.Nevertheless,Cicero,who served as the consul,faced the threat of Catiline,the leader of the populares.as a defender of the traditional republican system,Cicero was actively engaged in the struggle to defeat the Catiline's conspiracy.He declaimed the speech aginst Lucius Sergius Catiline in the Senate.Defeated the Catiline's conspiracy,he urged the Senate to ondemn conspiracy elements without a trial.Thus Cicero won the "father of the Republic" title.Part ?: Discussion on the relationship of Cicero and The First Triumvirate.Retired after the consul,The political situation in Rome was turbulent.secretly,Caesar was allied with Pompey and Clarse,they competed with the Senate,on behalf of the interests of populares.Cicero was quite appreciative of Caesar's talent and ability,but it was rather disdain for Caesar's service to Plebs and confrontation with the nobility.Therefore,Caesar had shown him again and again,but he refused to cooperate with Caesar.For Pompey,Cicero was close to him,but heard that he had an alliance with Caesar and served the Plebs,Cicero was very dissatisfied.On the whole,firstly Cicero had flatten out The First Triumvirate,but with the political changes and own fate more difficult,exiled and return,Cicero gradually changed the previous exclusion attitude,began to accept their shelter.Part ?:Discussion on the relationship of Cicero and The Second Triumvirate.After the assassination of Caesar,the Roman political situation deteriorated sharply.Octavian was allied with Antony and Lepidus in public,they were set off a new round of struggle for power climax.Hated by this,Cicero published The Philippic of M.Tullius Cicero aginst M.Antonius,vividly denounced the political ambitions of Anthony.In order to fight against Anthony,Cicero persuaded the Senate to support the Octavian.However,after the battle of Musei,the Senate was alienated and pushed Octavian to the camp of Anthony.The Second Triumvirate decreed,Cicero was killed by Anthony.The Roman Republic finally turned into an empire.Part?: Discussion on the role of Cicero.The fierce struggle at the end of the Roman Republic.as a politician,Cicero had been changes in political positions,but on the whole,he was a undoubtedly defenders of the Republican.What he pursued is to better maintain the traditional of Republic political system,to reconcile the contradictions between the various classes and between different factions.However,intricate social contradictions and cruel Clique struggles disrupted Cicero's political ideals and led to him death in the Clique Struggle.Cicero is one of the most accomplished scholars in the ancient world,leaving a great deal of precious spiritual wealth to future generations.