A Study Of Monosyllable Negative Adverbs In The Houhan-shu

"Houhan-shu" is a masterpiece of literature and history in the Northern and Southern Dynasties,which contains rich semantic grammar phenomenon and reflects the true appearance of language development in this period.It is an important corpus to study the language of the period,but most scholars study it from the view of collation and exegesis while its internal grammar,semantics and other aspects are of less research.Adverb is a special category in vocabulary system.It has the characteristics of high frequency and simplistic semantics.It is an important link to communicate vocabulary and grammar.Negative adverbs belong to the more real part of adverb.We think it necessary to deliver a systematic study.The number of negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu" is very large.It not only contains the monosyllabic negative adverbs of the previous generation,but also has the new adverbs of the two syllables.The study of predecessors is descriptive.The focus of this article is different,which is explanatory.We analyze and research the monosyllabic negative adverbs of "Houhan-shu" to solve its semantic,style and other problems.The full text is divided into six parts:Part Ⅰ: Introduction.This paper mainly introduces the origin of the topic,the purpose of the study,the research object,the research status and the research methods.First of all,it briefly introduces the corpus value,the characteristics of the negative adverb and the value and meaning of the monosyllabic negative adverb in "Houhan-shu".After that,the author summarizes the research results on the negative adverbs and "Houhan-shu" in recent years.Finally,the paper introduces the corpus of this paper,collects and collates,and the research methods of this paper.The second part: it summarizes the definition of adverbs,negative adverbs and the internal re-classification of adverbs and negative adverbs,and on the basis of previous scholars’ views,this paper puts forward different views on the negative adverbs of monosyllabic words in "Houhan-shu".We summed up in a total of 11 monosyllabic negative adverbs from "Houhan-shu",respectively: 不(Bu)、未(Wei)、无(Wu)、勿(Wu)、毋(Wu)、莫(Mo)、非(Fei)、匪(Fei)、弗(Fu)、靡(Mi)、罔(Wang).And analyzes the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu" from the three grammatical perspectives of tone,"tense" and "aspect".The third part: According to the theory of cognitive semantics,this paper analyzes and summarizes the cognitive semantic features of the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu".We make it sure that the most obvious cognitive semantic features of the monosyllabic denial adverbs in "Houhan-shu" are subjective Characteristics,and then in turn a detailed example of its analysis,which is one of the main part of the full text.Finally,combined with the grammar and semantics,we summarize monosyllabic negative adverbs of "Houhan-shu" in detail,and give a simple classification.The fourth part: According to the theory of Feng Shengli and other scholars on the theory of style,this paper explores the stylistic features of the whole corpus of "Houhan-shu",and concludes that the "Houhan-shu" contains three subcultures which are the common style,the formal style,and the Classical style.And then synthesize the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu",which is a conclusion of the prototype category,and explores the distribution of the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu" and points out that the distribution of the aspect has its own unique in the three basic languages.In the fifth part,according to the analysis of the grammatical,semantic and stylistic features of the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu",the monosyllabic negative adverb system of "Houhan-shu" is basically the same as that of the modern Chinese negative adverb system.But they are also separated into the “不”and“未、无” two points.And then expound the “不” and “没” in modern Chinese and “不”、“未”、“无” in "Houhan-shu" are in the relationship of inheritance and development".Part Ⅵ: Conclusion.Comprehensively summarize the use features and system characteristics of mono syllabic negative adverbs,and I test my self inadequacy.The main features of the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu" are the inheritance of the negative adverbs in the ancient Chinese.All the monosyllabic negative adverbs in "Houhan-shu" are produced in ancient tenses,but the inheritance of the negative adverbs in the ancient Chinese also highlights the innovativeness.The inheritance of theNegative Adverbs in "Houhan-shu" is of screening.It inherits most commonly used ones and discards a few meanings that can be transformed,because there is competition between the negative members of the negative adverb.The movement maintains the stability and closeness of the negative adverb system.It is helpful to study the negative adverbs of the monosyllable in "Houhan-shu" and to glimpse the development of the negative adverbs in the Middle Ancient Chinese.