A Study On The Spatial Images In Ci Of The Southern Tang Dynasty

Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty has an important role in the process of the evolution of poems.The main poets of this dynasty include Feng Yansi,Li Jing and Li Yu.Their special status,the culture and thoughts they accepted,both of them have an influence on the style of their works.As poets often use all kinds of literary images to express their emotions,to study the images has become an important part in the study of Ci.Wang Guowei has evaluated Ci of Feng Yansi as "large realm" which means "the side effects of his writings were considerable"1,and Ci of Li Yu as "its range of vision had begun to widen" "the emotions expressed gradually tended toward the more profound"2.The previous understanding of these evaluations is mainly based on the changes of experience and emotions of these poets.However,the "realm" originally means the space of a house,and the "range of vision" originally means the scope occupied by vision.Therefore,inspired by his evaluation,this paper will classify and study the main spatial images in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty to apprehend the evaluation of Wang Guowei from another perspective.This paper is divided into five chapters,including introduction,discussion and conclusion.The chapter of introduction explains the selected topic and its significance.In order to understand the research actuality,it makes a further review about the studies of Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty,its literary images and specifically the spatial images.This review provides a detailed research background and many inspirations of new ideas and theories,such as Image Combination and Image Schema.In the following part,this article is divided into three chapters to analyze 10 spatial images through detailed statistical data,based on the "Ci of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties"3 by Zeng Zhaomin.In order to explain it clear,it also compares the spatial images in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty with the similar images in Hua-jian Ci.The second chapter analyzes the spatial images that separate the whole space,including screen,curtain,door,window and balustrade.They separate the inside from the outside,and each of them has its own characteristics.Meanwhile,the painting on screen,the rolled curtain,open door,the moonlight out of windows and the vision out of balustrades,all of them break through the limit of internal space and connect it with the outside,constituting a larger vision.The third chapter analyzes the spatial images with architectural features,including the internal hall,the external pavilion and the courtyard.Because these images contain a certain range of space,their characteristics are related to other images and human activities within the scope.The internal hall is mainly expressed as "painting" "empty" or"deep",and together with indoor curtains,candles and music,all of these images create a quiet and secluded atmosphere.The features of pavilion include special status of the person in there and the vast vision the person see while going upstairs or leaning on the building.And moreover,the image of pavilion in Ci of Li Yu has a profound "architectural meaning"1 because of his special life experience.The courtyard,on the one hand,creates a lonely environment;on the other hand,because of high social status of the poets,it becomes the carrier of their nobility,showing their romantic chic.The fourth chapter analyzes the images of macroscopic natural space,including mountains,rivers and sky.Compared with Hua-jian Ci,the quantity of mountains in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty has increased.The description of mountains is more generalized,forming a more wide-spread and wider background space.In addition,that also shows the visual sequence that the person looks at the far from the near and then takes back the sight.Rivers in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty have diversified features because they can form a small space as well as a vast space.Rivers in Ci of Li Yu have a special meaning that they appear in accordance with the poet's imagination,showing rich imagination of the poet and his deep love to the country he had ruled.The image of sky in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty is mainly characterized as far,creating a vast macro space.The conclusion part summarizes the research and its significance.The spatial images in Ci are closely related to the real space where the poets were.Some spatial images are increasing in Ci of the Southern Tang Dynasty such as screen,window,pavilion,yard,mountain,river and sky.These images themselves can build a vast space and influence the change of realm of Ci.We often understand the evaluations that "the side effects of his writings were considerable" and "its range of vision had begun to widen" through the changes of experience and thoughts of the poets.But besides that way,we can also apprehend the realm of Ci of Southern Tang Dynasty from the changes of spatial images in.