The Peels' Business In Cotton Industry

The industrial revolution was an significant chapter in the history of England and the world.Cotton industry plays an important role in British history because of the British industrial revolution was first originated in it.Cotton industry from the continent to England was at sixteenth century,to the late eighteenth century,it got rapid progress and becoming the most important industrial sector.Lancashire was the settlements of the cotton industry,there have been some influential entrepreneurs including Peels,through the analysis of the specific case of the Peels,hoping to be able to explore the specific aspects of the British cotton industry.The main structure of this paper is divided into three parts:introduction,text and conclusion.The text includes the early overview of the cotton industry and the Peels,the Peels' investment,industrial scale,technological innovation and power change in cotton industry.The first chapter is the early overview of the British cotton textile industry and the Peels.This chapter can be divided into two sections.The first section describes the two important factors about the rising of the British cotton industry,one is the increasing cotton demand at eighteenth century,the other is the British restrictions on cotton imports.The second section is a profile of the early Peels.The family lived in the Blackburn which was mainly made of linen and fustian.The history of this family can be traced back to the fifteenth century,before the late eighteenth century the Peels not only engaged in agricultural production but also home textile,the old Robert Peel and his partners to engaged in textile and printing for a living at 1764.The second chapter is the Peels' capital resources.Capital shortage is an important factor restricting the development of cotton industry at early age.In response to this problem,there has been an production organization called"Putting-out system".Thanks to is manufacturers can used the limited capital into the circulating fund,which greatly contributed to the development of cotton industry.In the fixed capital,with the development of "factory system",joint venture investment has become an important way to absorb more capital,but also mixed with mortgages,profits and other ways.The third chapter is the Peels' investment and industrial scale.In the Peels'process development,since the beginning of 1773,the five main production and operation centers were created,including Church,Burton,Bolton,Berry and Tamworth.The first three centers were established by the old Robert Peel and the two other were created by Little Robert Peel The size of their family's industrial assets was huge,but it's operation was different from the large factories at nineteenth century,It's scale expansion was rely on the increased of small waterpower factories and the operation had a great dispersion.The fourth chapter is the Peels and technological innovation and power change.As the most outstanding cotton textile business family at eighteenth century,its rising process was followed by textile industry technological innovation.Whether in the textile or printing and dyeing areas,technological innovation was created favorable conditions for it's family.However,with the industrial power changed from the waterpower to steam power,the Peels and lots of early textile operators can not be timely got the dynamic changes because of limitations of the inherent industry scale,at the beginning of the nineteenth century the Peels began to lose its leadership.The rise and decline of the Peels proved the important position of technological innovation in industrial development and also a microcosm of the main operation of the early waterpower factory in the development of cotton textile industry.The conclusion part is a brief summary of the background,the process and the characteristics ofthe Peels' business.