The Study Of The Role Of Wind Instrument Part In National Orchestra

Chinese new national orchestra sprouted in the early 20th century.It went through the first development period since the establishment of the P.R.C and the second development period since the reform and opening-up policy,and thus completed the compound orchestration of pipe,string,plucked stings and percussion basing on the Chinese traditional string music band as well as southern traditional stringed and woodwind instrument band and northern play wind and percussion instrument band.The conventional wind instrument parts composition includes:Pang-ti,Alto Bamboo Dizi,Xin Di and derivative instruments;traditional soprano Suona,soprano Suona with additional key,alto Suona with additional key,tenor Suona with additional key,bass Suona with additional key;soprano Sheng,alto Sheng,bass Sheng,etc.The instrument of wind pipe has a long history.The flute can be traced back to the male and female bone flute made by crane's bone eight thousand years ago.Moreover,the latest-born Suona nearly has a long history about over 1500 years history.In order to adapt to the demands of the time,the shape,structure,size,material,tone and other aspects of these instruments has continuously changed until now,showing its powerful vitality in historic changes.Since the establishment of P.R.C,the reform of instruments has been deepening.Except for the bamboo flute of wind instrument,Sheng and Suona have possessed a relatively integrated soprano,alto and bass system.At present,wind instrument part has expanded its range with stable intonation,abundant tone and plump performance.The flexible application of each instrument in solo,lead and combination play has become the important constituent part of national orchestra.The wind instrument part is always applied into climax,tutti,and the unison section of musical works as the carrier of main melody and tone.Comparing with other groups of national orchestra,it has a more distinct characteristic and unique instrument quality in the aspects of performance,tone,volume,etc.Moreover,the groups of flute,Suona,Sheng and pipe derivative instruments of wind instrument part are different with each other in the aspects of performance,character,etc.For example,there are similarities and differences between pang-ti and alto bamboo dizi;Xindi,while Great Bass and Xiao have their own advantages and limitations in tone,volume and techniques.Traditional Suona and the reformed Suona with additional key has their own strengths in preserving national characters and improving instrument performances and also plays different roles in band.The traditional hichiriki is the pipe.Although it hasn't become a part of conventional preparation of band,it has its own irreplaceable performance and effect.Sheng,the only one instrument with the high-blooded central traditions,has its unique instrument characters and sound effects when accompanying in the band,which is possible to be explored more effects.Based on the above,the wind instrument part can be colorfully and richly applied in to creations.Since the establishment of P.R.C,there was a large group of national orchestral music works appearing in succession,especially after the 1980s.All of that benefits from the implementation of comprehensive reform and opening-up policy,the reform of musical instruments and the perfection of band organization and composition.Moreover,the performers have already greatly improved their performance level;composers absorb the nutrients of Chinese excellent national culture heritage and traditional music resources,exploiting ideas with unceasing efforts.In the heartfelt works of composers,it has expressed their unique thoughts and distinct styles in composition.It has enlightened a lot when utilizing completely new thought of composition,independent creative concept and flexible techniques about wind instrument part.Through analyzing different types of national orchestra works,it is able to explore and conclude the valuable experience of outstanding composers in the aspect of composition,instrument orchestration and the band organization.Accordingly,it can explore the regular of art creation to enhance controllable elements and master rational,effective and diverse applications of wind instrument in national orchestra band.Therefore,performers can give more and better expressions.