Research On International Communication Of Khara-khoto From Unearthed Materials During The Xi-xia And Yuan Dynasties

There are lots of Unearthed materials involved the international communication of Khara-khoto between the Xi-xia and Yuan dynasty.By arranging the contents of the instrument and combining with the records of the traditional history,we can divide the contents of the exchange of Khara-khoto into three aspects:personnel exchange,material circulation and book communication.During the Xi-xia and Yuan dynasty,the people of Khara-khoto were mainly mobilized by officials,businessmen and migrants.First of all,the Khara-khoto mainly carried out the official mobilization with Ming Sha area in Xi-xia dynasty and adjacent to the Ganzhou,Sha Zhou and other places in the Yuan Dynasty.Reflecting the central government control of local personnel power.Second,the business traders in Khara-khoto in addition to the business from the north of the Gobi desert,there are the Central Plains region of the Han businessmen,both official businessmen and civil businessmen.These businessmen who entered the city of Khara-khoto,not only promoted the economic development of Khara-khoto but also enriched the local people’s social life.At the same time,a large number of households,military families and criminals and monks flowed into Khara-khoto to avoid war,natural disasters and unbearable feudal exploitation.The source of these immigrants are both the north of the Gobi desert and the Gansu Corridor,and the Central Plains region of the Zhen Ding,Ji Ning,Ningxia and other roads.These refugees who entered the Khara-khoto also contributed to the chaos of the local social order while promoting the formation of a new pattern of local ethnic groups.During the Xi-xia and Yuan dynasty,the materials flowing in Khara-khoto include food,herbs,spices and colorants.Khara-khoto is limited by the limitations of natural conditions,for the army to raise the rations and the local food demand is mostly from the Ningxia region,Ganzhou and Hedong areas to save the transport and the way to transport.In addition to food,the people of Khara-khoto need to obtain daily necessities and spices and so on from outside.Khara-khoto unearthed a large number of different versions of the engraved and transcript books,including Song,Liao,Xia,Jin,Yuan Dynasty.Through the contents of the book can be found that the books of Xi-xia were Buddhist scriptures,and the Yuan Dynasty in addition to Buddhist books,there are a lot of political books,Taoism and folk books and so on.These books are either in the official name,either by the private party or by means of a book.It can be seen that the Khara-khoto in the Xi-xia and Yuan period,as a transit point on the Silk Road,communicated the traffic between the Central Plains,the desert grassland and the Western Regions,and contacted the contacts of different ethnic groups to promote economic and cultural exchanges.It was a place where multi-ethnic integration and multi-cultural coexistence.