Study On The Chinese Literature Documents Unearthed In Khara-Khoto

After the Khara-Khoto documents unearthed,it caused great concern in academia.However,the academic attention to these documents was mainly focused on the socio-economic documents of Tangut scripts and Chinese documents,and the research on some of scattered literature documents appeared to be relatively lacking.In this paper,the author comprehensively summarizes and proofreads Chinese literature documents of the documents unearthed in Khara-Khoto,and studies part of the contents of them.This thesis will be divided into two series below.The former part is collation of the recorded texts,the latter part is research into the related documents.The following literature documents are summarized and sorted:Xin diao wen jiu qing hua,Anonymous Poetry,Poetry Fen die er,Man Erlang,Lyrics of the Prince Monk,Wugeng zhuan(two pieces),Ballads(four pieces),Thousands of Poems,Chuang ye kai ji xian zhu liang,Poem Remembering Drinking,Poem Zhuo lu,The Verse of Encouraging Learning,Residual Poetry,The Fragments of Seven-word Poem called the Second Cup,Sheng ge xing,The Expedition Story of Xue Rengui,The Poems and Lyrics scattered in the Penmanship Manuscripts and Yu xi dui.In this paper,the author proofreads the documents above,and the main contents include the following:1.Describing the manuscripts appearance in details.2.Correcting the misnamed manuscripts,especially for those without original names,though scholars named them,they are still in dispute,such as the manuscript of M1·1226[F2:W58]in the Chinese documents of Khara-Khoto collected in China,which has no title originally,and it is named Ballads later,but in fact it should be named Wugeng zhuan by verifying.The M1·1236[F146:W31]is named Incomplete Poems,and it should be called the Remnants of Poem Remembering Drinking which was written by Li Yuanying.3.Seeking to record the complete manuscript texts based on the historical documents.4.Collating and annotating the manuscript contents,which mainly involve some words which the senior scholars supplemented incompletely or incorrectly,and also include some uncommon words and some words that are not explained in the Great Chinese Dictionary.Meanwhile the author also adds some materials whose contents are related to the handed-down documents.The latter part of this thesis mainly researches some distinctive documents.1.The research on the name and author of the Remnants of Poem Re,membering Drinking.By comparing Li Yuanying's Shi yi Poetry recorded in Mo zhuang man lu with Su Dongpo's Liu yi Poetry recorded in the Splendid Flower Valley,we can conclude that the author of Shi yi Poetry and Liu yi Poetry are for a person.According to some verse clues and text details described in the book of Mo zhuang man lu and the Splendid Flower Valley,we know the author of Poem Remembering Drinking should be Li Yuanying,so the M1·1236[F146:W31]—Incomplete Poems should be revised to the Remnants of Poem Remembering Drinking.Meanwhile,according to some written forms of the manuscripts,we know this poem was copied from the Splendid Flower Valley,And its copy time limit was later than the fifteenth year of Chun Xi(1188)by judging from the time of the book which was finished.2.The research on the fragments of the transcript Thousands of Poems in Khara-Khoto.Through conjugation and recovery of five residual pages,it can be concluded that there existed nine poems of Thousands of Poems in these five residual pages.Not only is the edition of these nine poems different from Liu Kezhuang's edition,but also it is different from Wang Xiang's annotated edition,however these residual pages reflect part of the face of Thousands of Poems which transits from Liu Kezhuang's to Wang Xiang's,and confirm the continuous updating process of Thousands of Poems in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.3.The research on the Expedition Story of Xue Rengui.Compared this story's edition unearthed in Khara-Khoto with the one collected in the Yongle Canon,it can be concluded that both of these editions are based on an original edition,and the Khara-Khoto edition should be the Mill block-printed one.The historic,credibility,inheritance and variability of Xue Rengui's story make it possible to spread this story itself in the Yijinai Road(Egina today).In addition,the immigration,development of commodity economy and its acceptance of Chinese culture of the Yijinai Road also provides some support for this possibility.4.The research on the Verse of Encouraging Learning.Through the analysis of the language forms and the works' thoughts,we know the nature of this verse is the quotations style segments which were used to exhort the students to study hard in folk.Although there are few educational issues of Khara-Khoto which are recorded in the handed-down documents,it can be concluded the education in the Yijinai Road is mainly elementary education combining with the Verse of Encouraging Learning and other education-related documents unearthed Khara-Khoto. The school there has the feature of integration of the schools and temples,and its educational philosophy is consistent with Yuan Government's request,including the school establishment,the official appointment and the student enrollment,only because of geographical position and other reasons,its size and equipment are less than the south schools.5.The research on the Khara-Khoto manuscript Man Erlang.The beginning and ending of Man Erlang is not as what Mensikov said from the part of "Gu wang jin lai" to "Fo shang wei fo mu",but from the part of "Gu wang jin lai" to "Chen zui he fabg".Man Erlang is not transcribed on pages 15(back)and 16(front)of the volume A21,but on pages 15(back)and 16(back).Man Erlang has the same sentence pattern with Erlang God and Erlang God man,and it can be speculated that Man Erlang may be the informal name of Erlang God man according to their consistent ideological contents and religious thoughts in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Maybe Man Erlang followed the footsteps of one of poems from Wu Zhen Text because of their similarity between the words and their ideological consistency.So Man Erlang should be considered as the folk minor used to promote the teachings of Taoism and it was copied in the Buddhist scriptures to eliminate Buddhists fatigue when they listened to the Buddhist chanting.6.The research on Xin diao wen jiu qing hua.Compared the contents of Xin diao wen jiu qing hua with the story of Wen jiu qing hua sporadically collected in the handed-down documents,it can be concluded that there are seven similarities and differences between these two editions,and the former is revised and improved on the basis of the latter,therefore the characters and the contents in the original story are saved,only the way of writing style is changed to some extent.According to the characters and the stories in the two editions,it can be speculated that the latest time when the book of Wen jiu qing hua was finished should be in the sixth year of Shao Xing(1136),and the earliest time should be after the year of 1086.And the inscribing time of Xin diao wen jiu qing hua may be before the year of 1161 at the latest,then the author analyzes its humorous language means from the aspects of pragmatics,phonetics,semantics and rhetoric.