The Research On Liandu Rite In Big Banner Ritual Which Belongs To Hakka In Southeast Of Guangxi

The thought of Liandu laid a foundation in Han dynasty and reached perfection in Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties Period.The integrated Liandu rite formed in Song dynasty and passed from generation to generation until now.Distributed in North China,Jiangnan region,Guangdong and Guangxi province,Fujian and Taiwan,HK and Macao.Even exist in Singapore and Malaysia.It is a kind of Taoism rite,which has a long history and extensive influence.The Taoism ritual initiated in Han dynasty,formed from the Northern and Southern Dynasties,developed complete in Tang and Song dynasties,flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties,before the middle of last century had widely prevailed in Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan and other southern regions.The Big Banner Ritual exist in Hakka area in Southeast of Guangxi.It is the largest and most costly,longest and most influential one of the most popular rituals in the Taoist dynasty.Liandu rite is the most important Taoism ritual both in the Big Banner Ritual and Lushan sect of Taosim,whose purpose is to rescue the souls of those accidental deaths(contain non-life or dying in sickness,also called Shangsi or Wangsi.)The Liandu rite is a ceremony,firstly help the souls out of the hell which be called Wangsi City.Then,guide the souls through the water and fire refining,to make it clear and cast intact forms.After that,make the souls through the live charcoal expiate the sins of the souls.Finally,salvation to the western paradise.Furthermore,Liandu rite also can catch,interrogate and civilize the ghosts which had broken the peace of local society.Then expiate the sins of the ghosts.Liandu rite also combined with segaki,make the ghosts full and warm,then go far way from the town.The function of Liandu rite which called Yin Chao Yang Du,not only find the final place for the souls,but also pacify the relatives and help them rebuild the hope of new life.In Liandu rite,the attribute of deities witch invited to the rite,the identity of Taoist priest,kinds of ritual procedures,and the religious instrument,including magic,spells and incantation,books which record ceremony,religion theory and so on,that not only reflect the kernel thought of Confucianism——benevolence,but also embody divers religions content such as Buddhism,Taoism,Folk Religion especially the Witchcraft.Although Liandu rite essentially belongs to Taoism ritual,but after inherited and developed by Lushan sect of Taosim,it has become a kind of religion rites which coalesce different religions that makes the Confucianism ethic theory as the kernel,possess Buddhist blood lineage——mainly contained Yoga sect of Buddhism,and folk religions especially reserve primitive Witchcraft.This multi-religious belief is not a unique feature of Taosim Lushan sect,but widely exists in the Chinese religious beliefs.Liandu rite has numerous functions,as Yin Chao Yang Du,pacify feelings,educate the public,set up social recognition in group,carry forward traditional culture,support the development of Taoist priest and so on.At the same time with a modern value-cultural value,industrial value,social value and other values.What is said above are the ancient religious rituals so far inherited the mystery and its meaning in contemporary society.Therefore,it's necessary to make a deep research on Liandu rite to further enhance the cognition on its historical and cultural value,the religious value,the social value and the industrial value,and on the basis to apply for Protection of Intangible Cultural,the activation of protection and appropriate development.So that the ancient traditional religious culture fill of vigor and vitality,and make service for the new era.