Study On The Solitude Of Modernlity

From a certain perspective,the essence of modernity lies in the answer of "What are modern people?" This explains not only the uniform features of modern people,but also the meaning of life in the mind of modern people.Solitude is a state of being alone and is a critical moment for people to face,reflect on and come up with solution to problems.Self-construction of human beings occurs in solitude.Individualism is an important outcome of modernity and solitude promotes continuous reflection on problems in relation to survival and existence of human beings and defines relationship between particularity and universality.Solitude itself derives from modernity,so solitude has always been connected with reflection on modernity,which is an important topic of human beings.Solitude does not exist before modern time and there is no so-called original solitude and eternal phenomenon separating from history.Overall,solitude is a problem of individual.Understanding and criticism of solitude should be on the basis of Marx ’ s criticism on the materialism of Feuerbach.Solitude should be understood in practice instead of from objective and intuitive perspective.In the process of reflection and criticism,solitude should not be merely treated as an academic problem,so this paper is not going to give a definition of the solitude of modernity.Instead,this paper recommends to further understand this term from its specific factors.In the context of modernity,there is a naturally close relationship between solitude and freedom.The ultimate goal of solitude is realization of freedom,so modern solitude should move towards freedom instead of nothingness and death.Internality of solitude is an important attribute of solitude,for it is the source of its meaning.Based on consideration and trade-off of the concept and connotation of freedom,freedom does not refer to shaking off shackles and nothingness and meaning of existence and lofty ideal are the power source to realize freedom.There is similarities in existentialism and Marxism in criticizing alienation,but the former is not thorough.After discomposing knowledge and structure,it moves towards infinite and nothingness,while the latter moves towards reality in practice.Transcendence of solitude towards freedom can only be truly realized through practice of Marxism.In the process of exploring solitude,we also ponder over how to under this term.We believe that solitude under the guidance of western thinking mode will move towards dead end,so we try to criticize and supplement it from a new perspective of Confucianism.Marxism can be regarded as a tool to connect western thinking mode with Chinese traditional philosophy,so Marxism with Chinese characters can appropriately present the mutual criticism and mutual fusion of the two thinking modes.At the end,practice becomes fulcrum which supports the shift of solitude towards freedom.In the western world,practice view can be traced back to Aristotle,while Chinese practice view can be traced back to Confucian "investigation of things".These two completely different practice views come to unity in Marxism,for freedom view in Marxism lays emphasis on two aspects,namely external social environment,such as realization of communism,and labor conducted by individuals on their own free will.Obviously,there are corresponding relations between these two aspects and the practice views of western world and China in the freedom view of Marxism.