The Impression Of Gansu In The Early Qing Dynasty Under The National Horizon

Gansu region is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization.The region's cultural and education activities began with Fuxi painting the Eight Diagrams,which has been stretching for thousands of years.During pre-Qin period,a hundred schools of thought contend and a galaxy of talents assembled.The Silk Road started in Han Dynasty,leading to increasing ethnic communication,when diverse ethnic cultures communicated and blended with each other.It is the Silk Road that Buddhist culture was spread through.In the period of sixteen kingdoms,liangzhou culture developed rapidly,after quite a few families of many branches in the central plains had relocated to Hexi area,equaling the strength of the central plains.Dunhuang grotto art is brilliant.After Song Dynasty,the political and economic center began to move toward southeast,which led to the gradually incline in the culture and education of Gansu region and made it for behind interior's.During Ming Dynasty,the local schools in prefecture,state,county,defence and garrison established in Gansu region were becoming more are more complete.Meanwhile,the local education system was constantly improved.On the basis of following Ming Dynasty system,the Qing Dynasty has developed academies of classical learning,community schools and charitable schools in addition to Confucianism in prefecture,state and county.The distinctive educational forms in Gansu region such as Mosque education of the Hui nationality and charitable schools for ethnic minorities were established.Early Qing Dynasty(Shunzhi,Kangxi,Yongzheng,Qianlong),the dynasts realized the importance of Gansu region after three dynasties going on a punitive expedition to Junggar rebellion,pacifying Luobozangdanjin insurgence in Qinghai and going through other battles.A large number of excellent soldiers emerged during the wars.At the same time,a continuous stream of people took part in the military examination and received government degrees.The talented people in Gansu region were strong and with skillful mastery of archery on horseback,which made the greatly impressed ruler ordered commendation many times.In contrast to the strongness of the military,there were very few people of Gansu region passing the civilian test in the early Qing Dynasty imperial examination.Since the division of Shanxi and Gansu,the voice toenroll students respectively had been continuous all the way.However,the ruler refused on the ground of the absence of talented people in Gansu region,which was in deep contrast with the repeated increase in the number of people for military examination.According to the account in Factual Record of Qing Dynasty and Draft history of Qing,and records in Gansu local chronicles,the author sorted out the process of cultural and educational development;based on the research of local educational conditions in the early Qing Dynasty and the comparison between the number of passing the imperial examination in civilian and that in military at that time,he analyzed rulers' impression of culture and education in Gansu area--strong in military,but weak in civilian.Subsequently,analyse the main reasons that form this impression from the aspects like natural and social environment,geographical location,historical leftover issues,multiple ethnic groups as well as living together,Shaanxi Gansu unified examination,frequent war,etc.The paper holds that Gansu region is not only lay stress on armed might and think little of cultural education.There are also many men of literature and writing in Gansu region.Officials at all levels,rich clans,and gentlemen of Gansu province all took an active part in making contributions to cultures and education.However,disadvantages such as far west location,severe natural conditions,backward economy,as well as the frequent wars made Gansu fail to have a stable environment to develop its culture and education.Han,Fan,Hui ethnic groups live together with different customs,which also affect the development of cultural education.The main reason is that Shanxi and Gansu unified examination in the early Qing Dynasty.Different regions of Gansu,eight hundred or nine hundred miles even five thousand or six thousand miles away from Xian.It takes a lot to take the triennial examination.At that time,nine in ten students were unable to take the examination because they couldn't afford it,which left them a lifelong regret.