A Study On The Grease Of The Song Dynasty

The types of Song Dynasty grease could be divided into three categories such as the animal oil,plant oil and mineral oil.Song Dynasty animal oil could be divided into the oil of mammalian animal,fish and birds.There are not only many types of Mammalian animal oil,but also high oil content.There are less species of birds oil and birds oil content is generally low.Mammalian oil has high value of utilization and is used in food and medicine.Because of the factors of the smell of fish and religious,mammalian oil is extremely rare used in the field of lighting.The types of Song Dynasty plants oil are fell into herbaceous plants oil and woody plants oil.The kind of herbaceous oil is more than the kind of woody plants oil.Most of herbaceous plants oil is edible,and woody plants oil most inedible is used in the manufacture or other fields.The Song Dynasty mineral oil is mainly oil.Oil is also called the fat water,fat stone,stone paint,stone liquid,stone candle oil and dirt stone,and the tribute of foreign oil is called the oil of high flame.Oil presents certain geographical distribution in Song Dynasty.Between the animal oil,pig cream is distributed throughout the country;The oil of cattle and horses,due to the high value of horses and cattle as a draft and related policy,did not become a commonly used oil,and was difficult to form regional distribution;Sheep,camel and bears are suitable for living in the north,suet,so the oil of sheep,camel and bears are mainly distributed in the northern region;The waterish south and the waterish sea are more suitable for fish survival,so fish oil are mainly distributed in the south and coastal areas.Due to oil production technology progress,people in Song Dynasty had mastered four basic oil production technology: pounding,water extraction process,crushing and grinding method,and crushing technology in the Song Dynasty basically finalize the design.Song Dynasty oil production divided into two categories,the official and folk.The oil of official system mainly meets the palace and the royal family,not trading market.In the palace,oil makers are court oil artisans,belong to the oil and vinegar library.The oil materials of Song Dynasty court system stored in the acceptance of sesame seeds library.The distribution of the oil is managed by the material library,outside material library and workshop material library.Folk system go though three stages: collect fuel oil,production and sales.The folk makers are general people,who make oil in private system in oil mill by fuel oil of processing and acquisition.there are also someone who live in remote areas where is inconvenience traffic,making oil alone to self-sufficiency.Song Dynasty oil production and sales have not separation,and oil sales are still done by producers.There are two methods of Song Dynasty oil sale,one is carry a load,another is the specialized shop in oil.Song dynasty’s oil price is influenced by many factors and ups and downs.Compared with the former generation,the overall price is low.Song Dynasty oil is widely used in social life,economy,military,medical and judicial field.In social life,oil has the function of cooking.By controlling the quantity and temperature of oil in the process of making food,oil can be Fried food,quick-Fried green onion,deep-Fried food and cold and flavor with oil;Oil in the life has the function of lighting.Three kinds of animal,plants and minerals oil can be used for lighting,but the oil quantity and the amount of smoke and smell from burning oil are different.So the oil has strict hierarchy,and different classes used for lighting in different oil types;Oil has the function to kill mosquito which can drive to kill pests in production and living;Oil has the lubricating and rust-proof function,which can reduce the friction between the metal products and prevent the metal products from corrosion;Oil also has the function of waterproof and moisture-proof,which can be used for making rain gear,ash of making vessel and tile,etc.Or oil and paper are made into the oil paper for safekeeping in the medical drugs and locking the aroma in the system of incense industry.Song Dynasty oil has economic function,which is one of the levy object.Besides " basic " salary,some officials in Song Dynasty have oil as "add to" payments.Song Dynasty oil has the military function,used for military lighting and fire defense.Oil is highly destructive,when in war people often take fire fighting method with the aid of fuel oil,and in defensive combat,oil has been used in dovetail torch,burning car,high flame of oil tank and other weapons.To curb the shipbuilding industry development of Jin state,the Southern Song Dynasty set up strict limits on tung oil about trade on the Huai River and sea.The Song Dynasty oil has the function of health maintenance.The oil can expel parasite to cure,disinfect the wound,treat the laryngeal wind,embellish the hair and skin and mediate the drugs.The song dynasty oil has the judicial function.In Song Dynasty umbrella and fabric made of oil are used in the autopsy which firstly appeared on the stage of history.In the Song Dynasty,the oil has three characteristics: firstly,the species of oil increased;Secondly,there are huge difference between the yield and the level of oil;Thirdly,the use of oil is diverse.Oil has influence on people’s life in Song Dynasty,improved the production and living of song dynasty person,promoted the economic development in song dynasty,promoted the prosperity of the song dynasty culture,extended the song dynasty military power,play the role of the energy conservation and environmental protection.Especially the increase in species and maturity of the oil in song dynasty,lay the foundation for development in Yuan-Ming-Qing Dynasty.